Biomaterial for Osseous Reconstruction

Novel Approaches and Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Focus on Silk Fibroin

“…Therefore, therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. Tissue engineering approaches are based on the production of substituting material with the capacity to mimic the biological environment of healthy tissue [ 127 ] and various bone-substitute biomaterials are now available [ 128 ], which represent a valuable tool for researchers to guide bone tissue regeneration. However, the definition of the most appropriate biomaterial for bone tissue engineering is still debated [ 126 ], and the development of clinically relevant bone constructs still remains the major challenge [ 3 ].…”

“…However, the definition of the most appropriate biomaterial for bone tissue engineering is still debated [ 126 ], and the development of clinically relevant bone constructs still remains the major challenge [ 3 ]. Indeed, although a large number of materials have been fabricated for bone regeneration and significant progress continues to be made, only a very limited number of scaffolds have been clinically used [ 41 , 126 , 128 ]. The difficulties in fabricating scaffolds with personalized structures can also limit their clinical applications [ 45 ], along with the inappropriate osteogenic differentiation, vascularization and growth factor delivery exhibited by some techniques [ 11 ].…”

“…Different materials with specific properties can be required for each osseous reconstruction site during the different stages of hard- and soft-tissue healing [ 128 ].…”