Biomaterial composed of chitosan, riboflavin, and hydroxyapatite for bone tissue regeneration

Abstract

Biomaterial engineering approaches involve using a combination of miscellaneous bioactive molecules which may promote cell proliferation and, thus, form a scaffold with the environment that favors the regeneration process. Chitosan, a naturally occurring biodegradable polymer, possess some essential features, i.e., biodegradability, biocompatibility, and in the solid phase good porosity, which may contribute to promote cell adhesion. Moreover, doping of the materials with other biocompounds will create a unique and multifunctional scaffold that will be useful in regenerative medicine. This study is focused on the manufacturing and characterization of composite materials based on chitosan, hydroxyapatite, and riboflavin. The resulting films were fabricated by the casting/solvent evaporation method. Morphological and spectroscopy analyses of the films revealed a porous structure and an interconnection between chitosan and apatite. The composite material showed an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to pure chitosan. In vitro studies on riboflavin showed increased cell proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells, thus demonstrating their potential for bone tissue engineering applications.

Chestnut-Inspired Hollow Hydroxyapatite 3D Printing Scaffolds Accelerate Bone Regeneration by Recruiting Calcium Ions and Regulating Inflammation

“…While the experiment did not reveal a significant osteogenic effect of CS particles, transcriptome results indicate that CS can influence the biological performance of cells by affecting related chemokines. CS is a polycationic aminopolysaccharide derived from the N-deacetylation of chitin, the primary component of crustacean shells, fungi, or insects. , It is insoluble in alkaline and neutral pH aqueous solutions, but it can be dissolved in acidic aqueous solutions (pH 6.0) due to the formation of quaternary amino functional groups . At present, there are also methods to construct water-soluble CS by hydrolyzing CS with hydrogen peroxide or adjusting its water solubility by changing solution concentration and precipitant .…”

Polysaccharide Hydroxyapatite (Nano)composites and Their Biomedical Applications: An Overview of Recent Years

“… 11 Some reports have observed that the incorporation of hydroxyapatite with polysaccharides allows control of the morphological, structural, and mechanical properties of composites, improving their applications. 16 , 17 …”

“…Studies have shown that the addition of inorganic fillers, such as calcium phosphates, mainly hydroxyapatite, to polysaccharide matrices can increase the biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and bioactivity of the material obtained . Some reports have observed that the incorporation of hydroxyapatite with polysaccharides allows control of the morphological, structural, and mechanical properties of composites, improving their applications. , …”