Biomaterial-based delivery systems of nucleic acid for regenerative research and regenerative therapy

Abstract

Regenerative medicine is a new and promising medical method aiming at treating patients with defective or dysfunctional tissues by maintaining or enhancing the biological activity of cells. The development of biomaterial-based technologies, such as cell scaffolds and carriers for drug delivery system, are highly required to promote the regenerative research and regenerative therapy. Nucleic acids are one of the most feasible factors to efficiently modify the biological activity of cells. The effective and stable delivery of nucleic acids into cells is highly required to succeed in the modification. Biomaterials-based non-viral carriers or biological carriers, like exosomes, play an important role in the efficient delivery of nucleic acids. This review introduces the examples of regenerative research and regenerative therapy based on the delivery of nucleic acids with biomaterials technologies and emphasizes their importance to accomplish regenerative medicine.

Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source

“…From then on, MEVs have been increasingly considered as substitutes for MSCs in drug delivery. Efforts have been made to improve the efficacy of MEV-based drug delivery for clinical use (Cheng et al, 2018b;Lang et al, 2018;Sharif et al, 2018;Jo et al, 2019;Li et al, 2019a;Perets et al, 2019;Riazifar et al, 2019). For example, a good manufacturing practice (GMP) standard for large-scale clinical MEVs production based on bioreactor has been established (Mendt et al, 2018).…”

Regeneration using endogenous neural stem cells following neonatal brain injury

“…The objective of drug delivery system technology is to control the release of the drug at the right time and duration at an appropriate concentration to efficiently enhance biological functions without adverse effects. 66,67 Previous reports including our study show that the effects of growth factors and neurotrophic factors on the recruitment of neuroblasts are enhanced by administering them with a gelatin hydrogel, in the normal and pathological rodent brain. 68,69 Given that neuroblasts migrate toward the site of brain lesions using blood vessels or radial glial fibers as migratory scaffolds, 26,29,30,48 reconstructing blood vessel or radial glial scaffolds may be a strategy for promoting endogenous neuronal regeneration.…”

“…Recently, the development of biomaterials for use in drug‐delivery systems for improved regenerative efficacy has been investigated. The objective of drug delivery system technology is to control the release of the drug at the right time and duration at an appropriate concentration to efficiently enhance biological functions without adverse effects 66,67 . Previous reports including our study show that the effects of growth factors and neurotrophic factors on the recruitment of neuroblasts are enhanced by administering them with a gelatin hydrogel, in the normal and pathological rodent brain 68,69 …”

“…64,65 To enhance such a regenerative process further, regenerative strategies have been investigated using biomaterials (or biomedical materials), defined as materials used in the body to contact biological substances such as cells and proteins. 66 Various types of biomaterials such as artificial organs and medical materials have been designed and applied in the clinical setting. Recently, the development of biomaterials for use in drug-delivery systems for improved regenerative efficacy has been investigated.…”

Nanomedicines to Deliver mRNA: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

“…Regenerative medicine aims to regrow, repair or replace injured or lost cells, organs or tissues by restoring or establishing their normal function [241]. The regeneration process needs the functionality of proteins, such as growth factors, cytokines and transcription factors, which control cellular biological activity, including cell mitosis, migration or differentiation.…”