Biomass-waste derived graphene quantum dots and their applications

Abstract

Energy crisis, environmental deterioration and increasing customer needs have compelled scientists to search facile, low cast, and green routes for the production of novel advanced materials from renewable resources. Among various materials explored, carbon based nanomaterials, especially graphene and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have attracted extensive attention recently owning to their intriguing properties, such as high conductivity, extensive surface area, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and long life. This review focuses on the conversion of biomass-waste into GQDs through a number of facile, low cost and scalable routes. Factors affecting the physical and chemical properties of GQDs for numerous promising applications have also been discussed. GQDs have shown promising applications in the field of catalysis, carbon fixation, fuel cells, bio-imaging, drug delivery, and gas sensors. Interestingly, the recent and novel applications of GQDs in the conversion and storage of energy has been discussed here. Finally, the remaining challenges, future perspectives and possible research directions in the field are presented. 1

Biomass‐Derived Carbon Dots and Their Applications

“…HTC, which is the thermochemical degradation of biomass in the presence of water (water/biomass ratio may range from 5:1 to 75:1) at elevated temperature and pressure, is a promising technique for converting biomass into novel carbon materials for a wide variety of potential applications . HTC is a carbon nanomaterial synthesis technology, which has been widely used in many fields .…”

“…HTC, which is the thermochemical degradation of biomass in the presence of water (water/biomass ratio may range from 5:1 to 75:1) at elevated temperature and pressure, is a promising technique for converting biomass into novel carbon materials for a wide variety of potential applications. [28] HTC is a carbon nanomaterial synthesis technology, which has been widely used in many fields. [29] HTC has been used to prepare novel carbon-based materials from biomass carbon precursors such as sweet pepper, [30] garlic, [15] husks of nuts, [16] papaya juice, [17] rice husk, [18] and other biomass materials.…”

Biomolecule-derived quantum dots for sustainable optoelectronics

“…There have been several reports on biomass/natural productderived QDs (mainly C-QDs and G-QDs), which are principally focused only on their synthesis and applications in various elds, including biodiagnostics, energy conversion and catalysis. Notably, there are ample reviews and feature articles available on the synthesis of C-QDs and G-QDs from natural products, 1,6,18 monosaccharides and polysaccharides, 21 and biomass wastes, 30 doping of heteroatoms in C-QDs and G-QDs, 22,28 applications of C-QDs in sensing, 14 bioimaging and cancer therapy, 8,15 photovoltaics and light harvesting, 23,29 synthesis, properties and various applications of G-QDs, 2,9,12,20,28 combined uses of C-QDs and G-QDs in biological purposes 10 and optoelectronic and energy applications. 2 Although vast literature exists on the application of C-QDs and G-QDs towards light-emitting applications, to the best of our knowledge, there are no review articles on the sustainable optoelectronic applications of biomolecule-derived QDs.…”

Laser wavelength modulated pulsed laser ablation for selective and efficient production of graphene quantum dots

“…1,2 Compared to large size graphene, GQDs or GOQDs exhibit unique optoelectrical properties due to quantum connement or edge effects related to oxygen-rich functional groups. [3][4][5][6] Especially, GQDs exhibit a high quantum yield with excellent photostability owing to the intrinsic band structure and physicochemical robustness, which is benecial for optoelectronic applications. [7][8][9][10] In addition, although the optical properties of GOQDs are less fascinating compared to those of GQDs, GOQDs have a high potential for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems (DDSs) and bioimaging, thanks to excellent biocompatibility with acceptable optical efficiency.…”