Biomass torrefaction characteristics in inert and oxidative atmospheres at various superficial velocities

Chen, Wei‐Hsin; Lu, Ke Miao; Liu, Shih Hsien; Tsai, Chi Ming; Lee, Wen Jhy; Lin, Ta Chang

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.064

Cited by 132 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The levels of the factors considered in this work were similar to the settings used by other authors. Low superficial velocities of the carrier gas allowed large mass yields obtained during the torrefaction process (Chen et al 2013), andJoshi et al (2015) reported ignition zones of biomass at 240 ºC using air as carrier gas in the torrefaction process. Table 1 shows the experimental set conditions in this work.…”

Section: Experimental Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larger surface areas improved the heat and mass transfer during the torrefaction process, which led to higher mass losses in the torrefied material. Several authors have stated that surface oxidation is the dominant phenomenon in torrefaction under an oxidizing atmosphere (Chen et al 2013;Uemura et al 2013;Wang et al 2013). Figure 3 shows the effect of the torrefaction process on energy yield.…”

Section: Fuel Value Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uemura et al (2013) reported that particle size does not have a significant effect on mass yield, because this yield depends on the hemicellulose content in biomass, which is the most affected wood constituent during the torrefaction process. Chen et al (2013Chen et al ( , 2014aChen et al ( , 2016 conducted different studies of the torrefaction process varying biomass type, carrier gas and its superficial velocity, and temperature. Unlike Uemura et al (2013), Chen et al reported that under an oxidizing atmosphere, thermal degradation of wood was highly dependent on particle size, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Characterization of Torrefied Wood Biomass under Air as Oxidizing Atmosphere

Ramos-Carmona¹,

Delgado-Balcázar²,

Pérez³

2017

BioResources

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The effects of torrefaction under an oxidizing atmosphere on the physicochemical properties of patula pine wood chips were studied. Raw and torrefied pine were characterized to evaluate the effect of temperature and residence time on biofuel properties, such as bulk density, equivalent Hardgrove grindability index (HGIeq), ultimate and proximate analyses, heating value, and fuel value index (FVI). In contrast, the torrefaction process was characterized by mass and energy yields, and by the energymass co-benefit index (EMCI). Torrefaction was performed in a rotary kiln at temperatures between 180 °C and 240 °C during residence times between 30 min and 120 min. The torrefaction process under an oxidizing atmosphere tended to increase the fixed carbon/volatile matter ratio (from 0.19 to 2.5), while the H/C and O/C atomic ratios decreased 73% and 55%, respectively. The best properties of wood reached in the experimental plan were obtained at 210 °C during 75 min. For this torrefaction condition, energy yield, FVI, and EMCI were 85.91%, 1.91 MJ/cm 3 , and 4.41%, respectively. Additionally, the lower heating value for torrefied pine (18.65 MJ/kg) was higher than for the raw material (17.76 MJ/kg), and the HGIeq was 17% greater, which resulted in a better grindability behavior.

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Section: Experimental Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Value Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Characterization of Torrefied Wood Biomass under Air as Oxidizing Atmosphere

Ramos-Carmona¹,

Delgado-Balcázar²,

Pérez³

2017

BioResources

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“…2017 DOI: dx.doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v45n114.04 thermal treatment (REPELLIN et al, 2010). This technique known as mild pyrolysis process varying from a few minutes to a few hours, occurs within the temperature range of 200 to 300 °C without oxygen and with low heating rates VERINGA, 2005;CHEN et al, 2013). The thermal degradation process entails changes in the technological properties (PIERRE et al, 2011) e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes caused by torrefaction on urban wooden waste

Andrade¹,

Brito²,

Dias³

et al. 2017

Sci. For.

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ResumoNeste trabalho foram caracterizados resíduos de madeira de origem urbana, antes e depois de submetidos a torrefação. Foram avaliadas cinco composições (tratamentos) de resíduos, compreendendo madeira maciça e painéis reconstituídos, provenientes de uma estação de reciclagem. A torrefação foi realizada em forno elétrico, com atmosfera inerte, saturada em gás nitrogênio, na temperatura de 280 ºC durante 60 minutos. Foram analisadas as propriedades físicas, químicas e energéticas no material in natura e torrificado. Os resultados demostraram que a torrefação aumentou os teores de lignina insolúvel, teor de carbono fixo e poder calorífico superior. Além disso, reduziu os teores de extrativos totais, holocelulose, materiais voláteis, densidade a granel e densidade energética. A torrefação não influenciou nos teores de cinzas, no entanto, mostrou-se eficiente para melhoria da moabilidade dos resíduos. Além disso, o rendimento da torrefação foi afetado tanto pelas características do processo quanto pela composição dos tratamentos avaliados.Palavras-chave: pirolise leve; degradação térmica; biomassa lenhosa; energia da madeira. AbstractThis work analyzed torrefied wooden waste from urban origin. Five compositions of residues (treatments) were analyzed, made up by solid wood and panels from a recycling station. Torrefaction was performed in an electric furnace, within an inert atmosphere saturated with nitrogen gas, and a temperature of 280 °C for 60 minutes. The physical, chemical and energetic properties of raw and torrefied materials were measured. The analysis showed that the torrefaction process led to an increase of acid-insoluble lignin content, fixed carbon content and higher heating value. Furthermore we observed a reduction of extractives, volatile matter, bulk density and energy density. Torrefaction did not affect the ash content, but proved effective to improving the grinding ability of the residues. In addition, the characteristics of the process and samples composition influenced the gravimetric yield of torrefaction.

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“…Oxidative torrefaction could achieve this reduction. Recently, a number of studies related to oxidative torrefaction have been carried out, most of them related with residues from oil palm industry [21]- [26] although, some of them studied the oxidative torrefaction of ligneous biomass such as spruce and fir sawdust [27], eucalyptus [21], [23], [24], [28], pine and beech [29]. The common idea of all these articles is that there are few differences between oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction in ligneous biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Between Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Torrefaction Pretreatment as Alternatives to Enhance Properties of Biomass

Álvarez¹,

Gutiérrez²,

Pizarro³

et al. 2017

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction pretreatments are the most employed in order to enhance some properties of biomass such as hygroscopicity, low energy density, or poor grindability and so biomass could be a more competitive renewable energy source. The aim of this paper is to compare oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction processes applying to a pine wood sample. Torrefaction in the range of temperatures 200-250ºC was conducted in a tube furnace reactor and proximate and ultimate analyses and heating value determination were carried out in order to characterize the torrefied samples. Torrefaction kinetics were obtained at three different temperatures using a thermogravimetric analyser. Both mass and energy yields in oxidative cases were lower as torrefaction temperature was increased compared to non-oxidative treatment. Heating value data of oxidative option were slightly lower than those of non-oxidative one were, although they were higher than the heating value of raw biomass. According to the proximate analysis, the moisture content decreased from 7.63% in raw biomass to 3.46% and 3.15% in pine torrefied at 250°C in oxidizing and inert atmospheres, respectively. H/C and O/C ratios decrease was more drastic for oxidative torrefaction than for non-oxidative one. In addition, the van Krevelen diagram shows that oxidative torrefaction is more interesting than non-oxidative alternative, this circumstance suggests that any optimizing criterion has to take into account at least three variables, including ultimate analysis and mass and energy yields.

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Biomass torrefaction characteristics in inert and oxidative atmospheres at various superficial velocities

Cited by 132 publications

References 34 publications

Physicochemical Characterization of Torrefied Wood Biomass under Air as Oxidizing Atmosphere

Physicochemical Characterization of Torrefied Wood Biomass under Air as Oxidizing Atmosphere

Changes caused by torrefaction on urban wooden waste

Comparison Between Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Torrefaction Pretreatment as Alternatives to Enhance Properties of Biomass

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