Biomass to Hydrogen Production Detailed Design and Economics Utilizing the Battelle Columbus Laboratory Indirectly-Heated Gasifier

Spath, Pamela L.; Aden, Andy; Eggeman, Tim; Ringer, M.; Wallace, Bruce; Jechura, J.

doi:10.2172/15016221

Cited by 182 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Table 8 compares the proposed baseline mobile pyrolysis system to a designed large scale pyrolysis plant capable of processing 2000 dry mt/day of hybrid poplar woody chips [Jones, 2010]. As noted in Table 5, the energy content of woody biomass chips is 16.1 mmBTU/st [Spath, 2005]. The mobile pyrolysis unit in the baseline system requires 2.71 mmBTU/st input process energy plus 3.5 mmBTU/st of generated gas consumed in the process.…”

Section: Pretreatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of tamarisk as a potential feedstock for biofuel production.

Sun¹,

Norman²

2011

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This study assesses the energy and water use of saltcedar (or tamarisk) as biomass for biofuel production in a hypothetical sub-region in New Mexico. The baseline scenario consists of a rural stretch of the Middle Rio Grande River with 25% coverage of mature saltcedar that is removed and converted to biofuels. A manufacturing system life cycle consisting of harvesting, transportation, pyrolysis, and purification is constructed for calculating energy and water balances. On a dry short ton woody biomass basis, the total energy input is approximately 8.21 mmBTU/st. There is potential for 18.82 mmBTU/st of energy output from the baseline system. Of the extractable energy, approximately 61.1% consists of bio-oil, 20.3% bio-char, and 18.6% biogas. Water consumptive use by removal of tamarisk will not impact the existing rate of evapotranspiration. However, approximately 195 gal of water is needed per short ton of woody biomass for the conversion of biomass to biocrude, three-quarters of which is cooling water that can be recovered and recycled. The impact of salt presence is briefly assessed. Not accounted for in the baseline are high concentrations of Calcium, Sodium, and Sulfur ions in saltcedar woody biomass that can potentially shift the relative quantities of bio-char and bio-oil. This can be alleviated by a pre-wash step prior to the conversion step. More study is needed to account for the impact of salt presence on the overall energy and water balance. 4

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Section: Pretreatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of tamarisk as a potential feedstock for biofuel production.

Sun¹,

Norman²

2011

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“…straws, stovers, and woody biomass). Most estimates report gasification conversion efficiency between 51% and 65% (Hamelinck and Faaij, 2002;Katofsky, 1993;Larson et al, 2005;Lau et al, 2003;Simbeck and Chang, 2002;Spath et al, 2003Spath et al, , 2005. To be conservative we assume 55% conversion efficiency.…”

Section: Potential Hydrogen Production From Waste Biomass Supply In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production cost of biomass hydrogen varies widely in the published literature and is a source of some contention (Hamelinck and Faaij, 2002;Katofsky, 1993;Larson et al, 2005;Lau et al, 2003;NRC, 2004;Simbeck and Chang, 2002;Spath et al, 2003Spath et al, , 2005. Since no commercial-scale biomass hydrogen production facilities exist, decision makers rely on engineering-economic studies based on technology modeling and expert opinion.…”

Section: Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comprehensive study of hydrogen from the National Academies estimates the 'current' technology production cost of hydrogen at $4.63/kg dropping to $2.21/kg with 'future' technology (NRC, 2004). Another report from researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory projects the current technology production cost of biomass hydrogen at $1.46/kg dropping to $1.31/kg with future technology (Spath et al, 2005). A more optimistic view of the future of biomass hydrogen is offered by Hamelinck and Faaij (2002) showing hydrogen production costs as low as $1.02/kg after analyzing a number of potential future production facility configurations.…”

Section: Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of biomass in California's hydrogen economy

2008

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a b s t r a c tThis paper presents the results of a model of hydrogen production from waste biomass in California. We develop a profit-maximizing model of a biomass hydrogen industry from field to vehicle tank. This model is used to estimate the economic potential for hydrogen production from two waste biomass resources in Northern California-wheat straw and rice straw-taking into account the on the ground geographic dimensions of both biomass supply and hydrogen demand. The systems analysis approach allows for explicit consideration of the interactions between feedstock collection, hydrogen production, and hydrogen distribution in finding the optimal system design. This case study approach provides insight into both the real-world potential and the real-world cost of producing hydrogen from waste biomass. Additional context is provided through the estimation of California's total waste biomass hydrogen potential. We find that enough biomass is available from waste sources to provide up to 40% of the current California passenger car fuel demand as hydrogen. Optimized supply chains result in delivered hydrogen costing between $3/kg and $5.50/kg with one-tenth of the well-to-wheels greenhouse gas emissions of conventional gasoline-fueled vehicles.

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“…The economic surveys in [3,28,18] among with other studies assessing the energy and exergy efficiency of the biomass conversion into H 2 , as well as the influence of operating conditions, show that it is a technical feasible process that could be promising on the future energy market [16,30,29,7,1,33,36]. H 2 yields in the range of 80-130g H2 /kg Biomass are assessed in [1,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-production of hydrogen and electricity from lignocellulosic biomass: Process design and thermo-economic optimization

Tock¹,

Maréchal²

2012

Energy

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The thermochemical production of hydrogen from lignocellulosic biomass is systematically analyzed by developing thermo-environomic models combining thermodynamics with economic analysis, process integration techniques and optimization strategies for the conceptual process design. H 2 is produced by biomass gasification and subsequent gas treatment, followed by H 2 purification via CO 2 removal. It is shown how the overall efficiency is improved by considering process integration and computing the optimal integration of combined heat and power production. In the conversion process, electricity can be generated in steam and gas turbine cycles using the combustion of the off-gases and recovering available process heat. Additional electricity can be produced by burning part of the H 2 -rich intermediate or of the purified H 2 product. The trade-off between H 2 and electricity co-production and H 2 or electricity only generation is assessed with regard to energy, economic and environmental considerations. Based on multi-objective optimization, the most promising options for the poly-generation of hydrogen, power and heat are identified with regard to different process configurations. The best compromise between efficiency, H 2 and/or electricity production cost and CO 2 capture is identified. Biomass based H 2 and electricity reveal to be a competitive alternative in a future sustainable energy system. Keywords

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Biomass to Hydrogen Production Detailed Design and Economics Utilizing the Battelle Columbus Laboratory Indirectly-Heated Gasifier

Cited by 182 publications

References 7 publications

Use of tamarisk as a potential feedstock for biofuel production.

Use of tamarisk as a potential feedstock for biofuel production.

The role of biomass in California's hydrogen economy

Co-production of hydrogen and electricity from lignocellulosic biomass: Process design and thermo-economic optimization

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