Biomass Recalcitrance in Willow Under Two Biological Conversion Paradigms: Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Anaerobic Digestion

Ohlsson, Jonas; Harman‐Ware, Anne E.; Sandgren, Mats; Schnürer, Anna

doi:10.1007/s12155-019-10079-6

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Lignocellulose feedstocks from broad plant populations are frequently analyzed for both industrial and scientific purposes by high-throughput screening approaches where entire plant materials are comminuted by chipping and milling to powder. Such approaches have the advantage of achieving rapid results for diversified and large plant populations, and the use of robotics helps the systematic handling and uniformity of sample processing [45]. The downside, however, is that because whole plant materials are processed and only minimal amounts of biomass (i.e., nature of screening process) are analyzed (frequently mgs), the presence of important polymers can be diluted out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Wood Quality Traits in Salix viminalis Useful for Biofuels: Characterization and Method Development

Gao

Jebrane

Terzıev

et al. 2021

Forests

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Salix (willow) is a well-known coppice plant that has been used as a source for bioenergy for decades. With recent developments in changing from a fossil-based to a circular bioeconomy, greater interest has been orientated towards willow as a potential source of biomass for transport biofuels. This has created increasing interest for breeding strategies to produce interesting genotypic and phenotypic traits in different willow varieties. In the present study, 326 genetically distinct clones and several commercial varieties of S. viminalis were analyzed using complementary approaches including density, chemical, image, histochemical, and morphometric analyses. A systematic approach was adopted whereby the basal regions of harvested stems were separated and used in all studies to aid comparisons. Density analyses were performed on all clone individuals, and from the results, 20 individual plants representing 19 clones were selected for the more in-depth analyses (chemical, image analysis, histochemical, and morphometric). The absolute dry density of the clones selected varied between ca. 300 and 660 kg/m3 with less variation seen in the commercial S. viminalis varieties (ca. 450–520 kg/m3). Selected clones for chemical analysis showed the largest variation in glucose (47.3–60.1%; i.e., cellulose) and total sugar content, which ranged between ca. 61 and 77% and only ca. 16 and 22% for lignin. Image analyses of entire basal stem sections showed presence of tension wood in variable amounts (ca. 7–39%) with characteristic G-fibers containing cellulose-rich and non-lignified gelatinous layers. Several of the clones showing prominent tension wood also showed high glucose and total sugar content as well as low lignin levels. A morphometric approach using an optical fiber analyzer (OFA) for analyzing 1000 s (minimum 100,000 particles) of macerated fibers was evaluated as a convenient tool for determining the presence of tension wood in stem samples. Statistical analyses showed that for S. viminalis stems of the same density and thickness, the OFA approach could separate tension wood fibers from normal wood fibers by length but not fiber width. Results emphasized considerable variability between the clones in the physical and chemical approaches adopted, but that a common aspect for all clones was the occurrence of tension wood. Since tension wood with G-fibers and cellulose-rich G-layers represents an increased source of readily available non-recalcitrant cellulose for biofuels, S. viminalis breeding programs should be orientated towards determining factors for its enhancement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Wood Quality Traits in Salix viminalis Useful for Biofuels: Characterization and Method Development

Gao

Jebrane

Terzıev

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…Rocha-Meneses et al [83] used pressurised 575 mL serum bottles at 36 • C to determine the BMP of barley straw, but the pressure release regime is unclear, and as the reported values are based on a numerical model, they are not included here. Sealed 309 mL bottles at 36 • C were used by Ohlsson et al [84] in a 94-day BMP assay for willow, with gas measurement on five occasions, but the pressure release regime is not specified, and values are available on a TS basis only, so they are omitted here. While such studies may satisfy the specific research interests of the authors, the transferability of findings is reduced by omission of the supporting data.…”

Section: ] (48 Days)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Methane Potential of Energy Crops: An Overview on Types of Data Sources and Their Limitations

et al. 2021

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As the anaerobic digestion of energy crops and crop residues becomes more widely applied for bioenergy production, planners and operators of biogas plants, and farmers who consider growing such crops, have a need for information on potential biogas and methane yields. A rich body of literature reports methane yields for a variety of such materials. These data have been obtained with different testing methods. This work elaborates an overview on the types of data source available and the methods that are commonly applied to determine the methane yield of an agricultural biomass, with a focus on European crops. Limitations regarding the transferability and generalisation of data are explored, and crop methane values presented across the literature are compared. Large variations were found for reported values, which can only partially be explained by the methods applied. Most notably, the intra-crop variation of methane yield (reported values for a single crop type) was higher than the inter-crop variation (variation between different crops). The pronounced differences in reported methane yields indicate that relying on results from individual assays of candidate materials is a high-risk approach for planning biogas operations, and the ranges of values such as those presented here are essential to provide a robust basis for estimation.

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“…Lignin content and S/G ratios could be critical biomass attributes in a biore nery processes, particularly related to how these metrics impact enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis of biomass to produce fermentable sugars [12][13][14]. The relative abundance of lignin aromatic units has also been shown to correlate with anaerobic digestion of biomass to produce methane [15]. Thus, by breeding or by directly engineering the lignin biosynthetic pathway in biomass to alter S/G ratios, biomass conversion to bioproducts and biofuels can be made more e cient and economical [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Methodologies used to Determine Aromatic Lignin Unit Ratios in Lignocellulosic Biomass

Happs

Addison

Doeppke

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Multiple analytical methods have been developed to determine the ratios of aromatic lignin units, particularly the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio, of lignin biopolymers in plant cell walls. Chemical degradation methods such as thioacidolysis produce aromatic lignin units that are released from certain linkages and may induce chemical changes rendering it difficult to distinguish and determine the source of specific aromatic lignin units released, as is the case with nitrobenzene oxidation methodology. NMR methods provide powerful tools used to analyze cell walls for lignin composition and linkage information. Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry methods are also widely used, particularly as high-throughput methodologies. However, the different techniques used to analyze aromatic lignin unit ratios frequently yield different results within and across particular studies, making it difficult to interpret and compare results. This also makes it difficult to obtain meaningful insights relating these measurements to other characteristics of plant cell walls that may impact biomass sustainability and conversion metrics for the production of bio-derived fuels and chemicals. Results The authors compared the S/G lignin unit ratios obtained from thioacidolysis, pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS), HSQC liquid-state NMR and solid-state (ss) NMR methodologies of pine, several genotypes of poplar, and corn stover biomass. An underutilized approach to deconvolute ssNMR spectra was implemented to derive S/G ratios. The S/G ratios obtained for the samples did not agree across the different methods, but trends were similar with the most agreement among the py-MBMS, HSQC NMR and deconvoluted ssNMR methods. The relationship between S/G, thioacidolysis yields, and linkage analysis determined by HSQC is also addressed. Conclusions This work demonstrates that different methods using chemical, thermal, and nondestructive NMR techniques to determine native lignin S/G ratios in plant cell walls may yield different results depending on species and linkage abundances. Spectral deconvolution can be applied to many hardwoods with lignin dominated by S and G units, but the results may not be reliable for some woody and grassy species of more diverse lignin composition. HSQC may be a better method for analyzing lignin in those species given the wealth of information provided on additional aromatic moieties and bond linkages. Additionally, trends or correlations in lignin characteristics such as S/G ratios and lignin linkages within the same species such as poplar may not necessarily exhibit the same trends or correlations made across different biomass types. Careful consideration is required when choosing a method to measure S/G ratios and the benefits and shortcomings of each method discussed here are summarized.

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Biomass Recalcitrance in Willow Under Two Biological Conversion Paradigms: Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Anaerobic Digestion

Cited by 14 publications

References 52 publications

Evaluation of Wood Quality Traits in Salix viminalis Useful for Biofuels: Characterization and Method Development

Evaluation of Wood Quality Traits in Salix viminalis Useful for Biofuels: Characterization and Method Development

Estimating the Methane Potential of Energy Crops: An Overview on Types of Data Sources and Their Limitations

Comparison of Methodologies used to Determine Aromatic Lignin Unit Ratios in Lignocellulosic Biomass

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