Biomass pyrolysis: past, present, and future

Abstract

Biomass pyrolysis is a promising renewable sustainable source of fuels and petrochemical substitutes. It may help in compensating the progressive consumption of fossil-fuel reserves. The present article outlines biomass pyrolysis. Various types of biomass used for pyrolysis are encompassed, e.g., wood, agricultural residues, sewage. Categories of pyrolysis are outlined, e.g., flash, fast, and slow. Emphasis is laid on current and future trends in biomass pyrolysis, e.g., microwave pyrolysis, solar pyrolysis, plasma pyrolysis, hydrogen production via biomass pyrolysis, co-pyrolysis of biomass with synthetic polymers and sewage, selective preparation of high-valued chemicals, pyrolysis of exotic biomass (coffee grounds and cotton shells), comparison between algal and terrestrial biomass pyrolysis. Specific future prospects are investigated, e.g., preparation of supercapacitor biochar materials by one-pot one-step pyrolysis of biomass with other ingredients, and fabricating metallic catalysts embedded on biochar for removal of environmental contaminants. The authors predict that combining solar pyrolysis with hydrogen production would be the ecofriendliest and most energetically feasible process in the future. Since hydrogen is an ideal clean fuel, this process may share in limiting climate changes due to CO 2 emissions.

Renewable biomass‐derived carbons for electrochemical capacitor applications

“…Carbonization mainly includes pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization. Biomass gradually converts into biocarbon during pyrolysis by thermochemical decomposition at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen 125 . Note that high‐temperature pyrolysis includes conventional pyrolysis, 126,127 microwave pyrolysis, 108,128 solar pyrolysis, 129,130 plasma pyrolysis, 131,132 and catalytic pyrolysis 133,134 …”

SWOT analysis of renewable energy sector in Mazowieckie Voivodeship (Poland): current progress, prospects and policy implications

“…Straw is also becoming more and more important as a raw material. Biomass can be incinerated or pyrolyzed/gasified (Arodudu et al, 2020;Fahmy et al, 2020).…”

Investigating The Effects of Activation Temperature on The Crystal Structure of Activated Charcoal From Palm Bunches (Arengga Pinnata Merr.)

“…After pyrolysis occurs at temperatures above 600 which produce carbon monoxide, hydrogen gas, and hydrocarbon gases [10] [11]. Next, [12] said states that when fast pyrolysis used (fast pyrolysis), heating for 0.1-0.5 seconds at a temperature of 400 -600 . Authoring or carbonization process divided into four stages: (a) The evaporation stage of water, which occurs at temperatures of 100 150 ; (b) Stage of decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose at a temperature of 200 -240 into pyrogenic solution which a low boiling point organic acid such as acetic acid, formic acid, and methanol; (c) The stage of depolymerization and termination of C-O and C-C bonds, at a temperature of 240 -400 .…”