Biomass pyrolysis in a circulating fluid bed reactor for the production of fuels and chemicals

Lappas, Angelos A.; Σαμολαδά, Μαρία; Iatridis, D. K.; Voutetakis, S.; Vasalos, I.A.

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(02)00195-3

Cited by 284 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…No olefins were detected during catalytic fast pyrolysis in our reactor system. Olefins have been observed when glycerol and sugars where passed over ZSM-5 catalysts in previous studies [20,21]. Xylitol has a higher yield of aromatics than the other feeds.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Catalytic Fast Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Furthermore, the reactor used was a two stage type where the outlet of a fluidized bed was passed over a packed bed of ZSM-5. Lappas et al [21] did not observe increasing organic liquid yield with increasing catalyst-tofeed ratio, however, they observed a decrease in coke on the spent catalyst at the high catalyst to feed ratios. We also observed a decrease in coke with increasing catalyst-to-feed ratio, however, the aromatic yield also increased.…”

Section: Comparison Of This Study To Previous Studies Of Biomass-derimentioning

confidence: 89%

“…For example, Olazar et al [20] reported 30.8 wt% total organic yield (12% carbon aromatics) for the pyrolysis of pine wood at 450°C using ZSM-5. Further, Lappas et al [21] report in excess of 30 wt% total organic yield depending on the catalyst-to-feed ratio. The literature on the catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic model compounds and biomass feedstocks is summarized in the Supplementary Material.…”

Section: Comparison Of This Study To Previous Studies Of Biomass-derimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aromatic Production from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks

et al. 2009

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The conversion of biomass compounds to aromatics by thermal decomposition in the presence of catalysts was investigated using a pyroprobe analytical pyrolyzer. The first step in this process is the thermal decomposition of the biomass to smaller oxygenates that then enter the catalysts pores where they are converted to CO, CO 2 , water, coke and volatile aromatics. The desired reaction is the conversion of biomass into aromatics, CO 2 and water with the undesired products being coke and water. Both the reaction conditions and catalyst properties are critical in maximizing the desired product selectivity. High heating rates and high catalyst to feed ratio favor aromatic production over coke formation. Aromatics with carbon yields in excess of 30 molar carbon% were obtained from glucose, xylitol, cellobiose, and cellulose with ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 60) at the optimal reactor conditions. The aromatic yield for all the products was similar suggesting that all of these biomass-derived oxygenates go through a common intermediate. At lower catalyst to feed ratios volatile oxygenates are formed including furan type compounds, acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde. The product selectivity is dependent on both the size of the catalyst pores and the nature of the active sites. Five catalysts were tested including ZSM-5, silicalite, beta, Y-zeolite and silica-alumina. ZSM-5 had the highest aromatic yields (30% carbon yield) and the least amount of coke.

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Section: Chemistry Of Catalytic Fast Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Comparison Of This Study To Previous Studies Of Biomass-derimentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Comparison Of This Study To Previous Studies Of Biomass-derimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aromatic Production from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks

et al. 2009

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“…Prior to use, the biomass is air dried, ground in a high-speed rotary cutting mill and then sieved (diameter <2 mm). There is opted for the use of a solid heat carrier for improving the heat transfer in the reactor [6]: fumed silica (Sigma; 0.007 lm; 390 ± 40 m 2 / g). The heavy metal concentrations and mineral content of CWL and CWB are determined with an Perkin Elmer OPTIMA 3000 DV ICP/AES after full destruction of the material with HClO 4 (70% p.a.…”

Section: Materials and Samples Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated willow: Influence of the plant part

Lievens

Carleer

Cornelissen

et al. 2009

Fuel

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a b s t r a c tFast pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated willow, with high concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, resulting from phytoremediation, is investigated. The distribution of the heavy metals depends on the plant part (leaves and branches). Nevertheless, their individual pyrolysis fractions (at an operational temperature of 623 K), i.e., bio-oil/tar and gas, are both heavy metal free. Some small differences in the kind and amounts of the organic compounds are found in the bio-oil and gaseous fraction. In view of practical considerations leaves and branches should nevertheless be pyrolysed simultaneously. The use of hyphenated thermal analytical techniques allows obtaining more detailed information on the compositional features of the pyrolysis fraction.

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“…Compared to the other available biomass pyrolysis technologies, the proposed reactor, arranged in a dual fluidized bed system, was found to be a viable option to ensure narrow residence time distribution of the gas phases, as well as quick and efficient separation of the gas from the solid phase. In addition, such arrangement is believed to guarantee sustainable operation without the reliance on external heating through the combustion of the produced bio-char [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CFD study of biomass pyrolysis in a downer reactor equipped with a novel gas–solid separator-II thermochemical performance and products

Hassan

Ocone

et al. 2015

Fuel Processing Technology

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Highlight A CFD model is used to simulate biomass fast pyrolysis in a downer reactor. An Eulerian-Eulerian approach with a single global pyrolysis reaction is used. A novel gas-solid separator was used to control the gas residence time. Predicted pyrolysis yield is in good agreement with reported literature data. AbstractA Eulerian-Eulerian CFD model was used to investigate the fast pyrolysis of biomass in a downer reactor equipped with a novel gas-solid separation mechanism. The highly endothermic pyrolysis reaction was assumed to be entirely driven by an inert solid heat carrier (sand). A one-step global pyrolysis reaction, along with the equations describing the biomass drying and heat transfer, was implemented in the hydrodynamic model presented in part I of this study (Fuel Processing Technology, V126,(366)(367)(368)(369)(370)(371)(372)(373)(374)(375)(376)(377)(378)(379)(380)(381)(382). The predictions of the gas-solid separation efficiency, temperature distribution, residence time and the pyrolysis product yield are presented and discussed. For the operating conditions considered, the devolatilisation efficiency was found to be above 60% and the yield composition in mass fraction was 56.85% bio-oil, 37.87% bio-char and 5.28% non-condensable gas (NCG). This has been found to agree reasonably well with recent relevant published experimental data. The novel gas-solid separation mechanism allowed achieving greater than 99.9% separation efficiency and < 2 s pyrolysis gas residence time. The model has been found to be robust and fast in terms of computational time, thus has the great potential to aid in future design and optimisation of the biomass fast pyrolysis process.

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Biomass pyrolysis in a circulating fluid bed reactor for the production of fuels and chemicals

Cited by 284 publications

References 9 publications

Aromatic Production from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks

Aromatic Production from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks

Fast pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated willow: Influence of the plant part

A CFD study of biomass pyrolysis in a downer reactor equipped with a novel gas–solid separator-II thermochemical performance and products

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