Biomass Production of the EDEN ISS Space Greenhouse in Antarctica During the 2018 Experiment Phase

Zabel, Paul; Zeidler, Conrad; Vrakking, Vincent; Dörn, Markus; Schubert, Daniel

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00656

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The MCC and UHBs provided both regularly scheduled and as-needed support to the on-site operator, resulting in successful plant cultivation and harvest of roughly 270 kg of fresh edible biomass in the first year of EDEN ISS operations (Zabel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Eden Iss Mobile Test Facility Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is possible for both camera systems to take daily images under optimal lighting conditions for analyzing the plant status. Shortly before night mode of the greenhouse, the nominal lighting mode of the Illumination System (Zabel et al, 2019) is paused for a few minutes and switched to a special image taking mode (0% blue; 0% red; 100% white and 100% far red) to have always the same lighting conditions while taking images. The corresponding spectrum is shown in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Camera System Inside the Future Exploration Greenhousementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Plant Health Monitoring System of the EDEN ISS Space Greenhouse in Antarctica During the 2018 Experiment Phase

et al. 2019

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The EDEN ISS project has the objective to test key technologies and processes for higher plant cultivation with a focus on their application to long duration spaceflight. A mobile plant production facility was designed and constructed by an international consortium and deployed to the German Antarctic Neumayer Station III. Future astronaut crews, even if well-trained and provided with detailed procedures, cannot be expected to have the competencies needed to deal with all situations that will arise during a mission. Future space crews, as they are today, will be supported by expert backrooms on the ground. For future space-based greenhouses, monitoring the crops and the plant growth system increases system reliability and decreases the crew time required to maintain them. The EDEN ISS greenhouse incorporates a Plant Health Monitoring System to provide remote support for plant status assessment and early detection of plant stress or disease. The EDEN ISS greenhouse has the capability to automatically capture and distribute images from its suite of 32 high-definition color cameras. Collected images are transferred over a satellite link to the EDEN ISS Mission Control Center in Bremen and to project participants worldwide. Upon reception, automatic processing software analyzes the images for anomalies, evaluates crop performance, and predicts the days remaining until harvest of each crop tray. If anomalies or sub-optimal performance is detected, the image analysis system generates automatic warnings to the agronomist team who then discuss, communicate, or implement countermeasure options. A select number of Dual Wavelength Spectral Imagers have also been integrated into the facility for plant health monitoring to detect potential plant stress before it can be seen on the images taken by the high-definition color cameras. These imagers and processing approaches are derived from traditional space-based imaging techniques but permit new discoveries to be made in a facility like the EDEN ISS greenhouse in which, essentially, every photon of input and output can be controlled and studied. This paper presents a description of the EDEN ISS Plant Health Monitoring System, basic image analyses, and a summary of the results from the initial year of Antarctic operations.

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Section: Eden Iss Mobile Test Facility Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Camera System Inside the Future Exploration Greenhousementioning

confidence: 99%

The Plant Health Monitoring System of the EDEN ISS Space Greenhouse in Antarctica During the 2018 Experiment Phase

et al. 2019

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“…E. vesicaria was germinated on board the International Space Station (Colla et al, 2007); it was selected among the species suitable for food production in space (Dueck et al, 2016). It is known to be suitable for growth and production under fully controlled growing conditions on both Earth-and space-oriented systems (Jones-Baumgardt et al, 2020;Zabel et al, 2020). Our working hypothesis is that the efficiency of the cultivation of E. vesicaria under indoor conditions can be ameliorated by CL without detrimental effects on the yield and quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One week after germination (time zero of the growth period), only one seedling was maintained in each seat. Two hundred twenty-four plants were grown in each container at a density of 2,740 plants per m 2 , and the water was substituted with an aerated and complete nutrient solution as the one selected for leafy plants in the EDEN ISS project (Zabel et al, 2020). The nutrient solution was renewed every week, ensuring that pH and EC were maintained at 6.5 and 1.7 mS cm −1 , without relevant changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Lighting Promotes Plant Growth, Light Conversion Efficiency, and Nutritional Quality of Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. in Controlled Environment With Minor Effects Due to Light Quality

Proietti¹,

Moscatello²,

Riccio³

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Light-emitting diode lamps can allow for the optimization of lighting conditions in artificial growing environments, with respect to light quality, quantity, and photoperiod extension, to precisely manage resources and crop performance. Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. was hydroponically cultured under three light treatments to investigate the effect on yield and nutritional properties of rocket plants. A treatment of (W-12h) having a12/12 h light/dark at 600 μmol m−2 s−1 provided by LEDs W:FR:R:B = 12:2:71:15 was compared with two treatments of continuous lighting (CL), 24 h light at 300 μmol m−2 s−1 provided by cool white LEDs (W-CL), and by LED R:B = 73:27 (RB-CL). CL enhanced the growth of the rocket plants: total fresh biomass, leaf fresh weight, and shoot/root ratio increased in W-CL, and leaf dry weight, leaf dry matter %, root fresh and dry weight, and specific leaf dry weight (SLDW) increased in RB-CL. Total carbon content was higher in RB-CL, whereas total nitrogen and proteins content increased in W-12h. Both W-CL and RB-CL increased carbohydrate content in the rocket leaves, while W-CL alone increased the sugar content in the roots. Fibers, pigments, antioxidant compounds, and malic acid were increased by CL regardless of the light spectrum applied. Nitrate was significantly reduced in the rocket leaves grown both in W-CL and RB-CL. Thus, the application of CL with low light intensity can increase the yield and quality value of rocket, highlighting that careful scheduling of light spectrum, intensity, and photoperiod can improve the performance of the crop.

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“…To contribute to the life support needs of humans (e.g., food, oxygen), a space greenhouse needs to be substantially larger. Analogue test facilities such as NASA's Biomass Production Chamber [4], the South Pole Food Growth Chamber [5], and the EDEN ISS greenhouse in Antarctica [6,7] are testing the operation of such larger facilities on Earth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of crop cultivation conditions on space greenhouse equivalent system mass

Zabel

2020

CEAS Space J

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Future crewed space missions will make use of hybrid life support systems to sustain human presence in space and on other planetary bodies. Plants fulfill essential roles in those systems such as carbon dioxide removal, oxygen production, and food production. The systems required to grow plants in space, so-called space greenhouses, are complex and need to be built as efficient as possible. Thereby, the resources mass, volume, energy, and crewtime required to grow a certain amount of food are essential because these parameters define the effectiveness of the space greenhouse. However, the required resources depend on the size of the greenhouse which in turn depends on the productivity of the crops which in turn depend on the cultivation conditions. The output of such a system can be calculated using the Modified Energy Cascade plant production model, which can simulate the food output depending on the cultivation conditions. Traditionally, life support systems are evaluated using the Equivalent System Mass method, which can determine the cost effective life support architecture for a given mission scenario. By combining both, the influence of the cultivation conditions inside the space greenhouse on the effectiveness of the complete system can be investigated. It seems counterintuitive first, but it is more effective to increase the energy per area provided to the plants in the form of light. Although that increases the electrical energy demand per area, the reduction in required cultivation area and, therefore, system size leads to a more efficient system.

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Biomass Production of the EDEN ISS Space Greenhouse in Antarctica During the 2018 Experiment Phase

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

The Plant Health Monitoring System of the EDEN ISS Space Greenhouse in Antarctica During the 2018 Experiment Phase

The Plant Health Monitoring System of the EDEN ISS Space Greenhouse in Antarctica During the 2018 Experiment Phase

Continuous Lighting Promotes Plant Growth, Light Conversion Efficiency, and Nutritional Quality of Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. in Controlled Environment With Minor Effects Due to Light Quality

Influence of crop cultivation conditions on space greenhouse equivalent system mass

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