Biomass of a Psychrophilic Fungus as a Biocatalyst for Efficient Direct Esterification of Citronellol

Abstract

A biomass-bound lipase from psychrophilic Chrysosporium pannorum A-1 is an efficient biocatalyst for direct esterification of β-citronellol and acetic acid in an organic solvent. The biomass is effectively produced by fungal submerged culture at 20 ℃, which results in lower energy consumption during the production of biocatalyst. Supplementation of the culture medium with calcium carbonate together with olive oil contributed to a significant increase in the active biomass of mycelium in one batch culture and increased the efficiency of the biocatalyst. Biomass-bound lipase showed high catalytic activity in a broad temperature range of 30–60 °C and stability up to 70 °C. A maximum molar conversion value of 98% was obtained at 30 °C in n-hexane using a 2:1 alcohol-to-acid molar ratio and 3% w/v of the biocatalyst within 24 h. The high equimolar concentration of the substrates (200 mM) did not have an adverse effect on mycelial biomass activity. Dry mycelium of C. pannorum is a promising biocatalyst for large-scale biosynthesis of citronellyl acetate, given its low-cost production, high activity at low temperatures, and reusability in a minimum of seven 24-h biocatalytic cycles.

Modelling of green biocatalytic (R)-(+)-limonene oxidation using the mycelium of psychrophilic Cladosporium cladosporioides 01

“…, and CaCO 3 5 g L −1 , pH 6) for 4 days at 20 °C on a rotary shaker (150 rpm). 14 After completion of the culture, the mycelium was separated from the post-culture liquid by vacuum filtration and washed with 150 ml of distilled water. The rinsed mycelium was frozen at −20 °C overnight and then lyophilized for 48 hours.…”

“…In order to improve the cost-effectiveness of the process, enzymes immobilized on carriers are used, which enables their multiple uses. 13,14 An alternative and cheap source of a biocatalyst for chemoenzymatic epoxidation is lipase anchored to the hydrophobic membrane of the mycelium cell wall. To date, mycelium-bound lipase has not been used in chemoenzymatic epoxidation.…”

Synthesis of citronella acetate by lipase catalyzed transesterification in ionic liquid and its kinetics

“…The results showed that the highest reaction conversion was achieved when vinyl ester was used as the acyl donor, with 98% conversion after 96 h. However, the reaction was slow and the reaction time was long. Kutyła et al (2022) investigated the direct esterification of β-citronellol and acetic acid in organic solvents by biomass-bound lipase from the cardiophilic bacterium Chrysosporium pannorum A-1 to prepare citronellyl acetate. A maximum molar conversion value of 98% was obtained in 24 h using a 2:1 alcohol to acid molar ratio and a 3% w/v biocatalyst in hexane at 30 °C.…”

Rice straw enhancing catalysis of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase for synthesis of citronellyl acetate

“…In addition, the other immobilized lipases have been studied for synthesis of citronellyl acetate. Novozyme 435 usually was regarded as a better commercial immobilized lipase in synthesis of citronellyl acetate [10], but the high disturbance rate 600 rpm inevitably consumed a lot of energy and Table 1 Comparing RSP-PFL and RSF-PFL with several lipase-catalyzed reaction systems for synthesis of citronellyl acetate: composition of reaction systems, reaction conditions and reuses a Enzymes studied in this paper b native PFL super to other commercial lipases reported for the synthesis of citronellyl acetate [9] c Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on acrylic resin [10] d Candida antarctica lipase immobilized on polyvinyl butyral-zirconium alkoxide hybrid hollow tube [8] e a biomass-bond lipase from psychrophilic Chrysosporium pannorum A-1 effectively produced by fungal submerged culture at 20 °C [62] f other compositions g the optimum conversion obtained at the condition different from that in the reuses of biomass-CPL [62] h the stirring condition by magnetic stirrer [62] i no relevant experimental; j relative activity changed from the initial 100% to the percentage value after the nth reuse k the average attenuation rate of relative activity…”

“…However, the nonaqueous activity was low for that the conversion was about 32% after 20 h at 30 ℃ and 80 rpm. Also, there was a biomass-bond lipase from psychrophilic Chrysosporium pannorum A-1, which was used to catalyze esterification of citronellol and acetic acid in n-hexane for synthesis of citronellyl acetate [62]. The attenuation rate of relative activity is only 0.19% h −1 , which showed that its stability is expected in the organic reaction phase.…”