Biomass Modifiers for Low Dielectric Bismaleimides at High-Frequency

Abstract

Two fluoro-containing monomers M1 and M2 derived from bio-based eugenol and estragole were designed and successfully synthesized via a facile one-step reaction. These monomers were copolymerized with commercial bismaleimide (BMI) in different molar ratios to give a series of BMI polymers. The properties of polymers were investigated to explore the effects of the modifiers on the thermostability, hydrophobicity, and dielectric properties of the BMIs. The BMI polymer incorporated with M2 showed a low dielectric content (D k ) of 2.89 and a dielectric loss (D f ) of 6.1 × 10 −3 at a high frequency of 10 GHz. Moreover, it displayed good hydrophobicity with a water uptake of 0.88% and excellent thermostability with a high 5% weight loss temperature (T 5d ) of 468 °C and a glass transition temperature (T g ) higher than 400 °C. The comprehensive properties are better than those of the allylmodified maleimide resins (bismaleimide modified by diallyl bisphenol A, referred to as DABPA-BMI), which are widely used in the industry. This work provides a method to improve the properties of BMIs. The biomass monomers can be potentially used as modifiers to achieve low dielectric BMIs for high-frequency technology.

One step conversion of bio-based magnolol into low k materials at high frequency

“…As summarized in Table 1, cured M1 displays a D k of 2.78 with a D f of 1.0 × 10 −3 at a frequency of 10 GHz. The D k is lower than those of many commonly used dielectric materials, 28,41 especially, the D f is lower than those of most commercial dielectric materials, such as polyimides (1.0 × 10 −2 ), 28 epoxy resins (2.0 × 10 −2 ), 40 and PPO (4.7 × 10 −3 ). 41 Dielectric materials with ultra low D f are necessary for the improvement of the signal transmission quality of high-frequency communication.…”

“…Some examples include LCP, 20–22 modified epoxies using active esters as curing agents 23–27 and fluoro-containing polymers. 28–31 However, there are a few species suitable for application in communication at high speed and high frequency. On the other hand, although commercial PTFE and its derivatives 32 have been used in the electronics and microelectronics industries for many years, their processability and poor thermostability block their use.…”

Flexible bismaleimide resins based on bio‐based diamine: Synthesis and properties

“…The dielectric constant of F-BMI resins is lower than many modified BMI resins and meets the requirements of low dielectric materials. [37][38][39] And, the dielectric loss of cured F-BMI resins is below 2.07 Â 10 À2 . These are brought about by low-polarity long-chain saturated alkanes.…”

Bismaleimide and Biobased Limonene Copolymer Microspheres as Reactive Fillers to Fabricate Low-k, High-Toughness Cyanate Ester Resin Composites

“…Biobased monomers are widely available, simple to extract, and abundant in nature . Therefore, biobased monomers are used to copolymerize with BMI monomers to modify the structural defects of BMI resins. ,, …”