Biomass integrated gasification–SOFC systems: Technology overview

Din, Zia Ud; Zainal, Zulkarnain

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.013

Cited by 180 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…The molar change in a hydrocarbon, in consequence of the decomposition reactions can be expressed according to equation (7). The rate is an equation of tar concentration and temperature.…”

Section: Modeling the Kinetics Of Hydrocarbon Decomposition On Sofc Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of tars on solid oxide fuel cell anodes and its impact on voltages and current densities

Herrmann

Dillig

Hauth

et al. 2017

Energy Science & Engineering

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This paper focuses on tar conversion on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes and its consequences for operation performance and degradation issues. Based on an extensive literature review it discusses the chemical behavior of tar species in typical gas environments/operation conditions at the Nickel anode and describes an experimental investigation methodology. A numerical 1-D discretized cell model is developed that represents global tar conversion kinetics on SOFC anodes based on an Arrhenius power law approach. This permits the determination of the apparent kinetic rate constants based on simple OCV measurements at cells operated on tar-laden gases. The approach is applied and verified with measurement data from literature. Resulting conversion rate constants varied with the investigated tar species (naphthalene, toluene) and the operation temperature (800-900°C) in the range 0.1-1.04 mol/sec/m 2 /bar. The results showed good consistency within varying tar concentration levels and with FID measurement in the off gas of the SOFC anodes. 195

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“…The molar change in a hydrocarbon, in consequence of the decomposition reactions can be expressed according to equation (7). The rate is an equation of tar concentration and temperature.…”

Section: Modeling the Kinetics Of Hydrocarbon Decomposition On Sofc Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of tars on solid oxide fuel cell anodes and its impact on voltages and current densities

Herrmann

Dillig

Hauth

et al. 2017

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…For electrolyte‐supported cells (ESC) with Ni/GDC (nickel/gadolinium‐doped ceria) anodes, researchers have already demonstrated successful operation on tar‐containing gas from a fluidized‐bed gasifier . Typical state‐of‐the‐art anode‐supported cells however have Ni/YSZ anodes, which are known to be far less tar‐tolerant than the Ni/GDC type . To our knowledge, only few experiments with tar‐containing syngas and SOFCs with Ni/YSZ anodes have been reported in literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of internal hydrocarbon reforming during coupled operation of a biomass gasifier with hot gas cleaning and SOFC stacks

Fischer

Hauser

Hauck

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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In the context of energy transition and climate change, a combination of highly efficient modern solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and thermo‐chemical conversion of biogenic residues could complement other intermittent renewable sources such as wind and solar. In order to reduce required gas cleaning efforts and to increase the process efficiency, the influence of hydrocarbons on SOFC performance is experimentally investigated in this study. For the first time, the operation of Ni/YSZ anode‐supported cells in Jülich F10 stacks is performed with pre‐reformed and with bio‐syngas containing full hydrocarbon content at realistic current densities. Sulfur and other impurities were removed in both cases. No degradation could be observed within normal operation on clean gas. With the tar reformer bypassed, the pressure drop over the stack increased due to severe carbon deposition on the anode substrate and the nickel current collector mesh inside the SOFC stack, so that operation had to be terminated after five hours. This behavior is different from single‐cell tests, where electrochemical degradation is the limiting factor. The results show that improvements are not only necessary for cell materials and that future research must also consider other stack components.

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“…(5). REP = 100 RMSE-P c cal (5) In this equation,c cal refers to the mean concentration of each tar compound included in the validation set. Calculated RMSE-Ps and REPs are listed in table 2.…”

Section: Partial Least Squares Regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are formed during gasification in a series of complex reactions [4]. Typical concentrations in the raw gas range from 0.01-150 g/Nm 3 [5]. When cooled down, tars can condense while increased temperatures can result in the formation of more complex compounds with higher boiling points.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical methods include liquid scrubbers, which require the gas to be cooled down (typically 20-60°C), causing efficiency losses. Chemical methods offer a promising alternative to decrease tar concentrations by thermal cracking (typical temperature range of 1000-1300°C) or the use of catalysts to enhance steam reforming and cracking reactions (typical temperature range of 500-900°C) [5,11,12]. Regardless of the measure, robust on-line analytical tools are needed in order to correctly assess gasifier performance and tar treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-line liquid quench sampling and UV–Vis spectroscopy for tar measurements in wood gasification process gases

Edinger

Schneebeli

Struis

et al. 2016

Fuel

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In biomass gasification processes, the formation and handling of tars are of major concern. Robust and versatile analytical tools are needed to on-line monitor tar compound concentrations in process gases from lab-to industrial scale. This study addresses the development and application of an on-line UV-Vis method, based on a liquid quench sampling system. The high sensitivity of this method allows to detect UV-Vis active tar compounds in the low ppmv region. Recorded spectra from the liquid phase were analyzed for their tar composition by means of a classical least squares (CLS) and partial least squares (PLS) approach. The developed method was applied to two case studies, involving a lab-scale tar reformer and a pilot-scale gas scrubber. Quantification results in gases with limited complexity in tar composition showed good agreement with off-line reference methods (GC-FID). The case studies show that the developed method is a rapid, sensitive tool that can be applied for qualitative process monitoring with the added benefit of quantification in gases with a limited number of tar compounds.

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Biomass integrated gasification–SOFC systems: Technology overview

Cited by 180 publications

References 197 publications

Conversion of tars on solid oxide fuel cell anodes and its impact on voltages and current densities

Conversion of tars on solid oxide fuel cell anodes and its impact on voltages and current densities

Effect of internal hydrocarbon reforming during coupled operation of a biomass gasifier with hot gas cleaning and SOFC stacks

On-line liquid quench sampling and UV–Vis spectroscopy for tar measurements in wood gasification process gases

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