Biomass fuels and coke plants are important sources of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and toluene

Fan, Ruifang; Li, Junnan; Chen, Laiguo; Xu, Zhencheng; He, Defeng; Zhou, Yuwei; Zhu, Yongchun; Wei, Fusheng; Li, Jihua

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.021

Cited by 64 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Only a few studies performed biomonitoring of VOC metabolites in coke oven workers. In particular, the levels of the benzene metabolites trans, trans-muconic acid [28][29][30][31] and S-phenyl mercapturic acid (SPMA) [28][29][30][31][32][33] and the toluene metabolite S-benzyl mercapturic acid (SBMA) [31] have been measured in the urine of coke oven workers. However, the urinary concentrations of these metabolites have been reported to be highly affected by smoking habit: e.g., Lovreglio and co-workers reported median levels of SPMA equal to 1.35 µg/g creatinine in smoking coke oven workers versus 0.23 µg/g in non-smoking workers [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Mercapturic Acids to Assess Exposure to Benzene and Other Volatile Organic Compounds in Coke Oven Workers

Frigerio

Campo

Mercadante

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Coke production was classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Besides polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, coke oven workers may be exposed to benzene and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to several VOCs in 49 coke oven workers and 49 individuals living in the same area by determining urinary mercapturic acids. Active tobacco smoking was an exclusion criterion for both groups. Mercapturic acids were investigated by a validated isotopic dilution LC-MS/MS method. Linear models were built to correct for different confounding variables. Urinary levels of N-acetyl-S-phenyl-L-cysteine (SPMA) (metabolite of benzene), N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-1/2-phenylethyl)-L-cysteine (PHEMA) (metabolite of styrene), N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA) (metabolite of acrylonitrile), N-acetyl-S-[1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propen-1-yl)-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine (MHBMA) (metabolites of 1,3-butadiene) were 2–10 fold higher in workers than in controls (p < 0.05). For SPMA, in particular, median levels were 0.02 and 0.31 µg/g creatinine in workers and controls, respectively. Among workers, coke makers were more exposed to PHEMA and SPMA than foremen and engine operators. The comparison with biological limit values shows that the exposure of workers was within 20% of the limit values for all biomarkers, moreover three subjects exceeded the restrictive occupational limit value recently proposed by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) for SPMA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Mercapturic Acids to Assess Exposure to Benzene and Other Volatile Organic Compounds in Coke Oven Workers

Frigerio

Campo

Mercadante

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Aromatics, important basic organic chemical materials, are widely used in commerce and the fine chemical industry, such as in the synthesis of rubber, chemical fibers and plastic products . Nowadays, more than 95% of aromatic products are derived from petroleum, coal and tar, which will be unable to meet the growing demands in a few more decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of weak base modification on ZSM‐5 catalyst for methanol to aromatics

Feng

Gao

Ding

et al. 2016

Applied Organom Chemis

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The effect of weak base modification on the catalytic performance of ZSM-5 catalyst for conversion of methanol to aromatics was investigated. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, N 2 adsorptiondesorption, NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. The results showed that catalysts treated with weak base (NaHCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 and NH 3 ⋅H 2 O) exhibited a pore structure with interconnected micropores and mesopores. The existence of mesopores was beneficial for improving the diffusion of reactants and products, and the coke deposition resistance capacity of treated catalysts was enhanced greatly. Meanwhile, compared to traditional ZSM-5 zeolite, the ratio of Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) acid sites of ZSM-5/NH 3 ⋅H 2 O (B/L = 7.35) zeolite slightly increased but the amount of acid sites reduced, while those of ZSM-5/NaHCO 3 (B/L = 0.127) and ZSM-5/Na 2 CO 3 (B/L = 0.107) significantly reduced. Further, the catalyst treated with NH 3 ⋅H 2 O solution was evaluated in the methanol to aromatics reaction and led to an enhanced aromatization reaction rate. The liquid hydrocarbons product distribution exhibited higher aromatic hydrocarbons yield (56.12%) and selectivity (40.28%) of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) with isoparaffin content reducing to 26.17%, which could be explained by appropriate B/L acid sites ratio, higher pore volumes and higher surface area.

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“…In addition, 14 male and 11 female famers were recruited with ages of 34.9 ± 9.5 years. Other personal and life style information such as living address, job responsibilities in coke plants, cooking styles, smoking, alcohol drinking, and dietary habits have been provided in detail previously [43].…”

Section: Urine Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the urine samples were firstly subjected to quantitative analysis of OH-PAHs with commercially available standards as described in detail previously [43]. Five urine samples that contained relatively high concentrations of the OH-PAHs were subsequently selected and pooled as a composite sample for metabolite identification and profiling in this study.…”

Section: Urine Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-targeted analysis of hydroxylation-related metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human urine by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Tang

Tan

Fan

et al. 2016

Journal of Chromatography A

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Biomass fuels and coke plants are important sources of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and toluene

Cited by 64 publications

References 40 publications

Urinary Mercapturic Acids to Assess Exposure to Benzene and Other Volatile Organic Compounds in Coke Oven Workers

Urinary Mercapturic Acids to Assess Exposure to Benzene and Other Volatile Organic Compounds in Coke Oven Workers

Effect of weak base modification on ZSM‐5 catalyst for methanol to aromatics

Quasi-targeted analysis of hydroxylation-related metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human urine by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

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