Biomass-derived Schiff base compound enabled fire-safe epoxy thermoset with excellent mechanical properties and high glass transition temperature

Xie, Wei-Qi; Huang, Shi‐Wen; Tang, Donglin; Liu, Shumei; Zhao, Jianqing

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.123667

Cited by 98 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Furthermore, the aromatic rings in VAP can form π-π interaction with matrix, which reinforced the effect of compensation. 49,50 In short, the mechanical properties of the resin matrix did not seriously deteriorate with the introduction of VAP, suggesting the excellent mechanical properties of the epoxy resin were maintained.…”

Section: Heat Resistance and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multi‐element heterocyclic compound derived from DOPO and thiadiazole toward flame‐retardant epoxy resin with satisfactory mechanical properties

Zou

Duan

Cao

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In order to comply with the environmentally friendly flame retardant requirements of epoxy resin and strive to maintain the comprehensive performance of the epoxy resin matrix, a P/N/S-containing heterocyclic halogen-free reactive flame retardant (VAP) was constructed. Vanillin (VA), 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene10oxide (DOPO) were chosen as raw materials to prepare VAP through a simple one-pot reaction. The addition of VAP slightly decreased the curing activity of the system while the transparency of the samples was maintained well. Moreover, the maximum degradation rate of VAP modified samples dropped by 47.26% and the amount of char residue at 800 C increased. When 10 wt% VAP (0.66 wt% P) was added, EP-10 passed UL-94 V-0 rating and the limited oxygen index value reached 30.3%. In contrast to pure EP, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of EP-10 were reduced by 36.87%, 25.61%, and 29.07%, representing good smoke and heat suppression effect.Besides, the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the samples remained above 165 C, showing a slight drop. Due to the existence of heteroatoms and the introduction of heterocyclic structure, the enhancement of intermolecular force in the system counteracted the deterioration of mechanical properties caused by the reduction of crosslinking density, maintaining the excellent mechanical properties of epoxy resin.

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Section: Heat Resistance and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multi‐element heterocyclic compound derived from DOPO and thiadiazole toward flame‐retardant epoxy resin with satisfactory mechanical properties

Zou

Duan

Cao

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Although similar to transesterification, transamination reactions include transamination of vinylogous urethanes, 225,226 diketoenamines 207,208 and imines. [220][221][222][227][228][229][230] Typically considered an associative dynamic reaction (Scheme 3), free primary amines attack either vinylogous urethane ⊎-carbons, diketoenamines or imine functional groups in a mechanism similar to that of transesterification. A wide range of amine hardeners appear in the literature producing a library similar to traditional epoxyamine systems, where concentration (network density) and chemical composition (energetics of bond exchange and entropy of polymer chains) affect T g and T v .…”

Section: Permanent Dynamic Network or Vitrimersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimuli‐responsive mechanical properties in polymer glasses: challenges and opportunities for defense applications

Dennis

Savage

Mrozek

et al. 2020

Polymer International

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The potential utility that responsive glasses provide in the areas of aeronautics, protection and unmanned systems is reviewed in this article. The article focuses on two broad classes of stimuli, photo and thermal, to better illustrate the challenges and convey some of the potential in developing these materials for the often extreme operational environments of defense applications. Three response mechanisms are outlined to provide a range of mechanical behaviors on demand: (i) shape-changing functionalities which locally yield or soften the material to stimulate chain mobility; (ii) bond forming (or breaking) chemistries which increase (or decrease) the stiffness of the material; and (iii) energy absorbing groups which convert the incoming stimuli into a spatially controlled heating and result in a designed softening of the material. Overall, continuing to develop responsive polymer glasses that respond rapidly and efficiently under low energy inputs will be critical for future defense applications.

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“…At low heating rates, the curing moieties cannot efficiently participate in epoxide ring opening reaction due to lack of required level of kinetic energy per molecules [42]. Moreover, increases in the viscosity of the system expedited the gelation and vitrification, which results in deceleration of epoxy curing reaction [43]. By contrast, at high heating rate, the curing moieties have enough kinetics energy for curing process and can diffuse into epoxy network; therefore, easily attack the unreacted epoxy groups [44].…”

Section: Cure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis of Crosslinking Reactions in Epoxy Nanocomposites Containing Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)-Functionalized Nickel-Doped Nano-Fe3O4

et al. 2020

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This work reports on the thermal analysis of epoxy containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surface-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (PVC–S/MNP) and its bulk-modified nickel-doped counterpart (PVC–S/MNP/Bi–B). Nanoparticles were synthesized through the cathodic electro-deposition method. The morphology of particles was imaged on a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), while X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to detect changes in the structure of nanoparticles. The magnetic behavior of particles was also studied by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). In particular, we focused on the effect of the bulk (Ni-doping) and surface (PVC-capping) modifications of MNPs on the thermal crosslinking of epoxy using nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) varying the heating rate. The cure labels of the prepared nanocomposites were assigned to them, as quantified by the cure index. The good cure state was assigned to the system containing PVC–S/MNP/Bi–B as a result of excessive ring opening of epoxy. Cure kinetics parameters of PVC–S/MNP/Bi–B incorporated epoxy was obtained by the use of isoconversional methodology. The activation energy of epoxy was decreased upon addition of 0.1 wt% of PVC–S/MNP/Bi–B due to the reaction of Cl− of PVC by the functional groups of resin.

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Biomass-derived Schiff base compound enabled fire-safe epoxy thermoset with excellent mechanical properties and high glass transition temperature

Cited by 98 publications

References 84 publications

Multi‐element heterocyclic compound derived from DOPO and thiadiazole toward flame‐retardant epoxy resin with satisfactory mechanical properties

Multi‐element heterocyclic compound derived from DOPO and thiadiazole toward flame‐retardant epoxy resin with satisfactory mechanical properties

Stimuli‐responsive mechanical properties in polymer glasses: challenges and opportunities for defense applications

Thermal Analysis of Crosslinking Reactions in Epoxy Nanocomposites Containing Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)-Functionalized Nickel-Doped Nano-Fe3O4

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