Biomass derived robust Fe₄N active sites supported on porous carbons as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for durable Zn–air batteries

Abstract

Fe4N active sites supported on porous carbons were prepared and exhibit excellent ORR performance. The Zn–air battery shows a peak power density of 182 mW cm−2 and a charge–discharge cycle over 1000 h.

Catalytically Active Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Energy Conversion: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

“…Chlorophylls Co-N-C/CoO x -800 0.1 m KOH 0.890 V, 3.80-3.90 0.820 V 89.90%, ≈5.5h [82] Chitosan NC-5-900 0.1 m KOH 1.017 V, 3.96 0.861 V 87.20%, ≈3.3h [83] Legume root nodules RN350-Z(1-2)-1000 0.1 m KOH -, 3.63-3.99 0.868 V 92.09%, ≈8.3h [84] Wood ear Co-C-16 0.1 m KOH 0.917V, 3.30 0.855 V [85] Microalgae malg-SACs-900 0.1 m KOH 1.055 V, 3.96-3.99 0.875 V 86.20%, ≈11.1h [86] Triarrhena sacchariflora panicles C-A-N 0.1 m KOH 0.940 V, ≈4 0.830 V 94.00%, ≈2.8h [87] spirulina Fe SA /FeO NC /NSC 0.1 m KOH 0.990 V, ≈4 0 . 8 6 V - [ 88] Starch Fe 4 N@N-C 0.1 m KOH -, 3.98-3.99 0.903 V 99.80%, ≈2.8h [89] Reed Si-N-C-6 min 0.1 m KOH 1.000 V, -0.890 V - [90] Acorn shells Hemin/NPC-900 0.1 m KOH 0.990 V, 3.88 0.840 V 85.48%, 10h [91] Pomelo peel PPC-NaZnFe 0.1 m KOH -, 3.97 0.860 V 92.50%, ≈2.8h [92] Shrimp shell Cu-NSDC 0.1 m KOH 0.960 V, 3.90 0.840 V 91.00%, 10h [93] Bean sprout NBSCP 0.1 m KOH -, 3.56 0.836 V 88.4%, 20h [94] Glucose NPC-1000 0.1 m KOH 0.925 V, 3.60-4.00 0.859 V −, 8h [95] Flour E-FeNC 0.1 m KOH -, 3.71-3.91 0.875 V 91.40%, 5.6h [96] Basswood slice TARC-N 0.1 m KOH 0.980 V, 3.89-3.98 0.860 V 73.00%, 24h [97] Eggplant HI-RGO/CD 0.1 m KOH 0.930 V, 3.57 0.770 V 97.70%, 22h [98] Bagasse lignin LC-4-1000 0.1 m KOH -, 4.12 0.860 V - [99] Soybean roots Co 3 Fe 7 -Fe 3 C/HNC 0.1 m KOH 0.980 V, 3.80 0.900 V - [100] Microalgae MRC 50 mm PBS 0.820 V, 3.80 0.720 V - [101] Wood ear Co-C-16 50 mm PBS 0.715 V, 3.48 0.630 V - [85] Shrimp shell P/Fe/N-SS 50 mm PBS -, 3.87 0.550 V 92.00% [102] Corn stalk C 5 50 mm PBS 0.850 V, 3.92 0.620 V 38.90%, 0.4h [103] Giantarum root Fe/N/C-50 50 mm PBS 0.878 V, 3.96 -- [104] Water lettuces N-HPCNSs-800 0.1 m PBS -, ≈4 0.790 V 91.40%, .3h [105] Tea 5%Fe-N/C 0.1 m PBS 0.820 V, 0.640 V - [106] Coconut palm leaves Mn-N-C-n 3.5 wt% NaCl , 3.50 0.564 V - [107] Soybean roots Co 3 Fe 7 -Fe 3 C/HNC 3.5 wt% NaCl 0.780 V, 3.70 0.64 V - [100] Legume root nodules RN350-Z(1-2)-1000 0.1 m HClO 4 -, 3.90 O.723 V 67.55%, ≈8.3h …”

“…h) Stability of the charge and discharge cycle (5 mA cm −2 , 5 min for charge, and 5 min for discharge in each cycle) for the Fe 4 N@N–C‐based ZAB. Inset shows the charge and discharge curves at 200–205 h and 1025–1030 h. [ 89 ] Copyright 2024 Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. All rights reserved.…”

“…The resulting Fe 4 N prepared using zinc‐assisted pyrolytic starch exhibited an impressive peak power density of 182 mW cm −2 and a stable long‐term cycle of 1033 h in aqueous ZAB as seen in Figure 14h . [ 89 ]…”

Pore-edge graphitic nitride-dominant hierarchically porous carbons for boosting oxygen reduction catalysis

“…for renewable energy storage. [7][8][9] However, the inherent sluggish kinetics of ORR due to the four-electron transfer has greatly limited the practical energy densities of the devices. 3,[9][10][11] The common low reserve, high price and high toxicity of precious metal-based Pt/C catalysts hamper their application on a large scale, which necessitates the development of new lowcost and high-yield ORR electrocatalyst substitutes.…”