Biomass-derived porous carbon materials: synthesis, designing, and applications for supercapacitors

Sun, Li; Gong, Youning; Li, Delong; Pan, Chen

doi:10.1039/d2gc00099g

Cited by 120 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 237 publications

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“…The porous carbon materials that can be created from biomass have been studied, but further improvements are still needed. 36 In the present study, we demonstrate the Cassia f istula (botanical name, also commonly termed the "golden shower tree") dried flower-petal-derived porous carbon as an electrode for high-performance SCs. The classes of the C. fistula originate in the subcontinent of India and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia, ranging from Sri Lanka to Thailand.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Lignocellulose-based materials, including paulownia flower, Couroupita guianensis flower, osmanthus flower, withered rose, ginkgo leaves, rice husk, and maple leaf, have been used as a precursor porous carbon to produce activated porous carbons for SC electrodes. The porous carbon materials that can be created from biomass have been studied, but further improvements are still needed …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioinspired Sustainable Sheetlike Porous Carbon Derived from Cassia fistula Flower Petal as an Electrode for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Ariharan

Kim

2022

Energy Fuels

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Herein, we report the synthesis of porous carbon material derived from the renewable source of Cassia fistula flower petals by a single-step direct-carbonization process. The sheetlike porous carbon (CFSPC) derived from C. fistula flower petals displays an uneven sheetlike morphology, hierarchical porous structure, and a high specific surface area of 556 m2 g–1. It exhibits a high specific capacitance of 324 F g–1 at the current density of 1 A g–1 and long cyclic stability of 95.3% with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency over around 10 000 charge–discharge cycles in a two-electrode configuration. CFSPC also delivers a maximum specific energy of over 48.2 Wh kg–1 and a specific power of 687 W kg–1. These electrochemical performance results demonstrate that the as-synthesized sheetlike porous carbon derived from readily available greener resources like C. fistula flower petals may serve as promising electrodes for energy storage.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Sustainable Sheetlike Porous Carbon Derived from Cassia fistula Flower Petal as an Electrode for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Ariharan

Kim

2022

Energy Fuels

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“…[ 27 ] Generally, amorphous parts are unavoidable on the surface of carbon. For many pyrolyzing‐derived carbons from organic structure or biomass, the whole bulk phase is amorphous, [ 28 ] and it can only be partially graphitized at temperatures higher than 1500 °C or with a catalyst. [ 12b,29 ] Amorphous carbon on the bulk graphitic surface is the most complicated defect, which is a mixture of carbon dots, particles, and even polymerized carbon chains with completely different sizes from molecular to nanometer or micrometer level.…”

Section: An Overview Of the Carbon Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Surface Chemistry: New Insight into the Old Story

Ding

Qiao

2022

Advanced Materials

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The enormous complexity of the carbon material family has provoked a phenomenological approach to develop its potential in different applications. Although the electronic, chemical, mechanical, and magnetic properties of carbon materials have been widely discussed based on defect control engineering, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of the carbon surface chemistry, which leads to many controversial conclusions. Here, by analyzing various defects on carbon surface, some commonly neglected aspects and misunderstandings in this field are pointed out, clarifying how surface chemistry affects the chemical behaviors of carbon in some specific chemical reactions. With this full‐scale consideration of the carbon surface chemistry, the behaviors of carbon materials with various functions can be well defined, which is indispensable for their scalable applications. Perspectives on future developments of carbon surface chemistry are also provided to enable practically accessible design of advanced carbon in those applications.

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“…As the dominant component of SCs, electrodes mostly decide the electrochemical performances. Compared with the traditional electrodes, free-standing electrodes have drawn much attention as they have a more facile preparation without extra additives (including conductive agent, binder, and current collector) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with the traditional electrodes, free-standing electrodes have drawn much attention as they have a more facile preparation without extra additives (including conductive agent, binder, and current collector). 4 Wood has been extensively investigated in the free-standing electrode mainly owing to its two natural characteristics: (1) the oriented pore structure that can provide a rapid ion transport pathway during the charge/discharge process and (2) the reinforced-concrete-like structure constructed by cellulose as concrete iron, hemicellulose as sand, and lignin as cement that endows wood with a free-standing feature. 5 However, wood cannot be directly used as a free-standing electrode because of its poor conductivity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Vertical-Section Wood/MXene Electrode with Excellent Performance Fabricated by Building a Highly Accessible Bonding Interface

Luo

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Cross-section wood (CW) is generally used as a host for free-standing electrodes, as the abundant opened pores can provide large space for loading guest materials with high electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity. However, there is still a challenge for CW to be used in flexible supercapacitors (SCs) because of its low mechanical strength. Herein, as an alternative to CW, vertical-section wood (VW) with excellent mechanical strength and good flexibility is developed and used as a free-standing and flexible electrode by using Ti3C2T x (MXene) with ultrahigh conductivity and good electrochemical activity as a guest material. In particular, the highly accessible bonding interface for Ti3C2T x is first built by delignification on VW to generate abundant pores for continuously absorbing Ti3C2T x and to expose cellulose with abundant oxygen-containing groups for stable combination with Ti3C2T x . Then, cyclic pressing is used to form negative pressure to pump the Ti3C2T x suspension into VW, combining with a preheating process to trigger layer-by-layer self-assembly of Ti3C2T x nanosheets onto a wood cell wall by evaporating water in the suspension. As a result, the free-standing electrode has a large Ti3C2T x loading mass proportion of 33 wt %, a high conductivity of 3.14 S cm–1, and good flexibility with much higher mechanical strength of 15.1 MPa than 0.4 MPa of CW. The symmetric SC delivers a good specific capacitance of 805 mF cm–2 at 0.5 mA cm–2, a remarkably high rate capability of 84% to 10 mA cm–2, and an energy density of 13.85 μW h cm–2 at 87.5 μW cm–2. Additionally, this SC shows a long lifespan of 90.5% after 10,000th charge and discharge cycles even at a constant bending angle of 90°, suggesting promising potential in flexible devices.

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Biomass-derived porous carbon materials: synthesis, designing, and applications for supercapacitors

Abstract: Since the industrial revolution, modern society has experienced rapid technological development, which has greatly increased the demand for energy, and the cheap energy for production will be more and more...

Cited by 120 publications

References 237 publications

Bioinspired Sustainable Sheetlike Porous Carbon Derived from Cassia fistula Flower Petal as an Electrode for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Bioinspired Sustainable Sheetlike Porous Carbon Derived from Cassia fistula Flower Petal as an Electrode for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Carbon Surface Chemistry: New Insight into the Old Story

A Flexible Vertical-Section Wood/MXene Electrode with Excellent Performance Fabricated by Building a Highly Accessible Bonding Interface

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