Biomass derived diverse carbon nanostructure for electrocatalysis, energy conversion and storage

One-pot synthesis of biomass-derived porous carbons for multipurpose energy applications

“…Therefore, it is urgent to explore low cost, high activity, high selectivity, and high stability catalysts to facilitate the electrochemical reactions involved in electrochemical energy conversion systems. 175 The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are two half–cell reactions of water splitting to generate H 2 and O 2 . The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for producing hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is essential for rechargeable metal–air batteries.…”

“…In addition, the CO 2 electrocatalytic reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) has emerged for converting CO 2 into CO, CH 4 , and formic acid. 175,176 The synthesis of efficient carbon electrocatalysts from biomass has attracted great attention in recent years. 177 So far, a number of studies have been reported in one-step carbonization and activation of biomass to carbon-based catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion ( e.g.…”

“…In particular, copper nanoparticles embedded in a N-doped carbon matrix exhibited a considerable performance for the CO 2 RR to C1 products. 175 At present, the conversion of CO 2 into CO with both a high conversion rate and high selectivity can be achieved if a desirable carbon-based electrocatalyst is used. The conversion of CO 2 into CO is normally regarded an intermediate reaction.…”

Application of Biomass‐Based Nanomaterials in Energy

“…The inherent functional groups and distinctive biological structures found in biomass enable their effective utilization in the creation of sustainable nanomaterials for clean energy applications. [42] Extracts derived from plants, animals, or active organisms, encompassing substances like dopamine, aldose/ketose sugars, and polyphenols, can undergo bioreduction processes to form nanoscale structures that retain specific characteristics of the biomass's biological structure or functionality. These bio-derived nanomaterials offer advantages such as straightforward synthesis methods, low cost, and environmental compatibility.…”

Inducing porosity in xylose-derived FeNC electrocatalysts for alkaline oxygen reduction

“…17 In that regard, lignocellulosic biomass is considered a potential sustainable carbon precursor in the synthesis of electrocatalyst materials owing to its abundance as well as the high carbon and (often) heteroatom content. 18,19 Furthermore, every year a significant portion of biomass waste (agricultural biomass production within the European Union amounts to approximately 956 Mt annually, with residues accounting for 46%) 20 is left in fields to decompose or is eventually discarded and used as a low-grade energy source, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. This abundant bio-waste can be converted into carbonaceous catalysts and supports by means of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), which entails mild carbonization at temperatures <250 °C and self-generated pressure in the presence of water.…”