Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials as an Emerging Platform for Advanced Electrochemical Sensors: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Abstract

This review describes progress in the design and synthesis of biomass-derived carbon materials with different morphologies. It also covers respective composites and their applications in the field of electrochemical sensing of (bio) chemical species. Generally, carbon-based materials have paved the way for advanced electrochemical sensing devices because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Carbon materials are typically created from chemical precursor materials; however, researchers are increasingly focusing on fabricating carbon materials from waste biomass resources due to economic and environmental constraints. Compared with other carbon materials, biomass-derived carbon materials (BCMs) are more environment-friendly with lower toxicity. In this review, we concentrated on providing researchers with a complete overview to develop an alternative strategy to improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors in actual samples by using numerous biomass-derived carbon-based materials modified electrodes. This review summarizes the classification, synthesis methods, and electrochemical sensing applications of BCMs and their composite materials. The major challenges in this field are outlined, and future research avenues for BCM-based electrochemical sensors are also highlighted.

Salt-assisted synthesis of advanced carbon-based materials for energy-related applications

“…As one of the most abundant and versatile elements in nature, carbon is well known for its flexibility. 1–4 This versatility appropriately enables carbon materials to fit requirements in many application fields, including adsorbents, 5 sensors, 6,7 catalysis, 8,9 biomedicine, 10–12 energy conversion and storage, 13–16 and so on, to address pressing global challenges, including but not limited to energy and environmental issues. The great interest in exploration/utilization of clean and renewable energy sources to meet the requirements of sustainable development goals using carbon-based materials has prompted the synthesis and investigation of carbon-based materials with diverse excellent functions.…”

“…As one of the most abundant and versatile elements in nature, carbon is well known for its flexibility. [1][2][3][4] This versatility appropriately enables carbon materials to fit requirements in many application fields, including adsorbents, 5 sensors, 6,7 catalysis, 8,9 biomedicine, [10][11][12] energy conversion and storage, [13][14][15][16] and so on,…”

A Zn-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticle@N, S and P doped Elaeagnus angustifolia gum derived carbon hybrid electrocatalyst: synthesis, characterization and electrochemical sensing of acetaminophen

“…Especially, in recent years, biomass carbon materials have been widely used in the electrochemical sensor platform, demonstrating the practicability of biomass carbon as a recyclable and economically electrode material. 31,32 Besides biomass carbon, some studies applied the biomass materials of fibrous nanocomposite materials for toxic dye removal and remediation utilising the large specific surface area offered by the nanomaterials and biomass. Cotton cloth was adopted as the base for deposition of chitosan nanomaterials.…”