Biomass-derived 2-methyltetrahydrofuran platform: a focus on precious and non-precious metal-based catalysts for the biorefinery

Abstract

The existing literature has been summarized and synthesized, providing a new outlook for the preparation of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran from biomass substrates using precious and non-precious metal catalysts.

Catalytic aerobic oxidation of lignin-based vanillyl alcohol under base–free conditions over an efficient and reusable LaFeO3 perovskite for vanillin production

“…Due to excessive consumption of non-renewable resources, exploring the conversion of abundant renewable biomass into fuels to substitute for non-renewable resources has become a feasible pathway. [1][2][3][4][5] Lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. There are various current research studies focusing on exploiting carbohydrate moieties (cellulose and hemicellulose), 6,7 whereas lignin, the second largest natural polymer after cellulose, 8 is mainly burned to recover heat through alkali recovery systems.…”

Recent advances in biomass pretreatment using biphasic solvent systems

“…Biphasic solvent systems used in biomass pretreatment are typically composed of two partially or fully immiscible phases, commonly an organic solvent and water or occasionally two immiscibly organic solvents. Commonly, organic solvents that could be used to form a biphasic pretreatment solvent system include 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), 43 methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), 44 butanol, 45 phenol, 46 phenoxyethanol, 47 Cyrene, 48 and γ-valerolactone (GVL). 49 Currently, the main principle for the selection of these solvents in biphasic pretreatments is considering their relative energy difference (RED) values with lignin.…”

“…2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) is a renewable liquid with similar properties to MIBK, and it can be directly produced from renewable resources such as furfural, γ-valerolactone, and levulinic acid. 43 It is relatively stable in an acidic environment and is highly immiscible with water, so its aqueous solution could form a two-phase system that could potentially be used to pretreat lignocellulosic biomass.…”

Designed TiS2 nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic reductive amination of biomass-derived furfurals

“…10,11 In particular, aldehydes could be readily produced from renewable biomass resources and water is the sole by-product of the reaction, thus reducing the carbon footprint. 12,13…”

“…10,11 In particular, aldehydes could be readily produced from renewable biomass resources and water is the sole by-product of the reaction, thus reducing the carbon footprint. 12,13 The selective synthesis of ONCs remains a big challenge due to the easily occurring side reactions. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Taking furanic aldehydes as an example, the amination reaction involves a complicated pathway as depicted in Scheme 1.…”