Biomass Densification Methods and Mechanism

Treatment technologies for urban solid biowaste to create value products: a review with focus on low- and middle-income settings

“…Other lignocellulosic wastes (e.g. groundnut shells, mustard stalks, cotton stalks, coconut fibers, palm fruit fibers) have also been researched as suitable feedstocks, as well as urban solid biowastes such as leaves, grass, tree trimmings and waste paper (Carone et al 2011;Demirbas and Sahin-Demirbas 2004;Manickam et al 2006;Yank et al 2016). For waste to be densified, moisture content should be as low as possible, generally in the range of 10-15% (Chen et al 2009;Felfli et al 2011).…”

“…This also significantly increases the throughput of the pelletizing machine and reduces the energy requirement per kg of the biomass pellets formed (Li and Liu 2000). The density and mechanical strength of the resulting biomass is affected by many factors including the type of densification equipment, the applied compression force and temperature, the particle size, moisture content and chemical composition of biomass feedstock, and the use and type of binding materials (Manickam et al 2006;Rhén et al 2005;Stelte et al 2011a). Lignin in biomass can serve as a natural binder when the pelletizing temperature is higher than the lignin's phase transition temperature (140°C).…”

Quality optimization in briquettes made from rice milling by-products

“…Palm press fiber contributed to the hardness of HBF by increasing mechanical interlocking. High lipid content recorded in HBS briquettes may have played a role in reducing the forces of attractive, interlocking, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness (Manickam et al, 2006) in these briquettes and thus reduced their hardness. Although it was possible to make very hard HBC briquettes with higher-quantity clay, these briquettes showed poor burning characteristics (data not shown).…”

Development of a briquetting facility with the integration of a hydraulic system for biomass densification

“…Briquetting is defined as a process undergoing compaction of residues and pressure is applied with or without a binder to convert the wastes to a compact agromate [4]. However, the expansion of biomass briquetting depends on the implementation of appropriate technologies to accommodate the briquette generation.…”