Biomass conversion to carbon adsorbents and gas

Savova, D.; Apak, E.; Eki̇nci̇, Ekrem; Yardim, M. Ferhat; Petrov, N.; Budinova, T.; Razvigorova, M.; Minkova, V.

doi:10.1016/s0961-9534(01)00027-7

Cited by 298 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…14 the results of S BET versus burn-off are compared with the reported by other authors from physical activation of other agricultural by-products like apricot stones [24], cherry stones [24], olive stones [1], pecan shells [26], coconut shells [21] and other biomass residues, activated with steam [1,24,[27][28][29][30][31] and CO 2 [1,21,[31][32][33][34][35][36]. It can be observed that the surface area values obtained by oxygen chemisorption-desorption of grape seeds covers the usual range of porosity for activated biomass materials, and that such porosity development can be achieved at burn-off values below the average results.…”

Section: Comparison With Results In Literaturementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Savova et al [24] obtained a granular activated carbon from grape seeds with heterogeneous pore size distribution with macropore, mesopore and micropore volumes of 0.28, 0.18 and 0.12 cm 3 /g, respectively. In the current work similar results are obtained within the micropore range after 1-2 activation cycles and a burn-off between 10% and 15%, depending of the activation conditions.…”

Section: Influence Of Activation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of porosity upon physical activation of grape seeds char by gas phase oxygen chemisorption–desorption cycles

Jiménez-Cordero

Heras

Alonso-Morales

et al. 2013

Chemical Engineering Journal

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h i g h l i g h t sNovel method of activation by cycles permits good control of porosity development. S BET values above 1000 m 2 /g can be obtained with burn-off values lower than 40%. The low burn-off helps to maintain granular morphology of the activated carbons.Carbons with unique hollow core structure and wall thickness of 250 lm are produced.The activated carbons showed a good mechanical strength during attrition test. a r t i c l e i n f o t r a c tActivation of grape seeds char upon cyclic oxygen chemisorption-desorption permits a controlled development of porosity versus burn-off using air as a cheap activation agent. In this work the influence of chemisorption and desorption temperature and the number of cycles is investigated. A fast increase of BET surface area (S BET ) is obtained in the two first cycles; that increase becomes then lower although the S BET continues increasing upon the successive cycles. Regarding the Dubinin-Astakhov surface area (S DA ) a slow increase was observed from cycle to cycle. The activation process led to the development of both micro and mesoporosity. Under the optimum conditions for surface area development, i.e. an oxidation temperature of 275°C and desorption temperatures between 850 and 950°C, values of 1129-1256 and 1339-1219 m 2 /g were obtained for S BET and S DA , respectively. Porosity was found to increase mainly during the desorption stage, although chemisorption also led to some surface area development. SEM characterization showed that the activated carbon maintained the granular morphology of the seeds even after 10 cycles showing the egg-shell structure of the precursor with longer and deeper cracks at the outer surface. The activated carbons showed a good mechanical strength during attrition tests.

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Section: Comparison With Results In Literaturementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Influence Of Activation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of porosity upon physical activation of grape seeds char by gas phase oxygen chemisorption–desorption cycles

Jiménez-Cordero

Heras

Alonso-Morales

et al. 2013

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…Indeed, carbon adsorbents with different structure and properties have been prepared from mixtures of furfural and biomassderived tars, while optimizing the operating conditions (including the composition of the mixtures, activation reagents, pre-treatment of the precursors, etc.) [10,11].…”

Section: Materials Synthesis and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our earlier investigations focused on the synthesis of porous carbons based on polyolefine wax, furfural and mixtures of tar from carbonization of agricultural by-products and furfural [8][9][10]. We have observed that the chemical composition of the precursor strongly influences the structure and properties of the obtained adsorbent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated carbon from coal tar pitch and furfural for the removal of p-nitrophenol and m-aminophenol

Petrová

Tsyntsarski

Budinova

et al. 2011

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Adsorption of m-aminophenol and p-nitrophenol from aqueous solution on activated carbon synthesized on the base of industrial by product (coal tar pitch) and furfural was investigated.The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon and its oxidized modification is related to the surface area and composition of the prepared materials, as well as to the nature of the adsorbents. Despite the moderate porosity, the prepared materials display adequate adsorption capacity towards the investigated aromatic compounds. Both adsorbates show higher affinity towards the hydrophobic carbon, confirming that the retention mechanism occurs via nonspecific interactions between the electronic density of the adsorbent and the aromatic pollutants. Electrostatic interactions may also appear depending on the solution pH and the charge distribution of the carbons; we have observed that this parameter has a strong influence on the final performance of the oxidized carbon, where repulsive interactions that reduced the uptake of the carbon were found to appear within a larger pH range.

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“…During treatment at about 350-700°C, besides biochar, some highly energetic liquid and gas products (oil being a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and synthetic gas being a mixture of gas hydrocarbons) are formed. Proportions of the pyrolysis products depend on the kind of initial material and process conditions: range and rate of changes of temperature, time, pressure, and atmosphere [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The choice of pyrolysis parameters affects productivity and quality of the obtained biochar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active carbons from waste biochars

Skubiszewska–Zięba

Charmas

Kołtowski

et al. 2017

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Studies of preparation of active carbons of good structural and adsorption properties based on commercial biochars, which become wastes after removal of precious volatile components from natural raw materials of different origin, i.e., from wheat straw, Miscanthus grass, walnut shells, and energetic willow were carried out. There was applied the physical activation under atmospheric pressure in the fluidal reactor using CO 2 or overheated steam and in the closed system in the high pressure microwave reactor under hydrothermal conditions. The obtained active carbons were investigated by means of adsorption (N 2 ), thermal (TG, DTG, DTA), spectral (Raman spectra) as well as electron microscopy methods. The adsorbents obtained as a result of modification were characterized by a welldeveloped porous structure and greater thermal resistance compared to the initial biochars.

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Biomass conversion to carbon adsorbents and gas

Cited by 298 publications

References 20 publications

Development of porosity upon physical activation of grape seeds char by gas phase oxygen chemisorption–desorption cycles

Development of porosity upon physical activation of grape seeds char by gas phase oxygen chemisorption–desorption cycles

Activated carbon from coal tar pitch and furfural for the removal of p-nitrophenol and m-aminophenol

Active carbons from waste biochars

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