Biomass Char Sulfonic Acids (Bc-So3h)-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Bamboo Under Microwave Irradiation

Fast Microwave-assisted Pretreatment for Bioconversion of Sawdust Lignocellulose to Glucose

“…The interaction between microwaves and the materials brings about the reduced number of hemicelluloses that bind celluloses. This is in agreement with Wu et al (2008) that microwave radiation cause the occurrence of physical explosions on the microfibers which then result in the disintegration of structures that are hard to degrade such as lignin that protect cellulose [24]. In addition, the electromagnetic fields used in the NaOH-microwave solvent could produce chemicalphysical effects that can speed up the disintegration of the crystal structures in celluloses.…”

“…Of the three solvents, the highest glucose content (22.50 mg/mL) was found in NaOH at a wattage of 800 W. There was no significant change in the glucose content with HCl and H 2 O despite an increase in microwave power. This is concomitant with previous results that pretreatment with microwave heating using different types of solvents resulted in different glucose contents, where NaOH is found to produce the highest glucose content [24][25]. microstructure evolution after pretreatment in this investigations will be reported in separated paper.The heat energy of the microwave is produced from a direct interaction between the polar regions of the saw dust biomass and the oscillation of the electromagnetic fields.…”

“…Recently, the use of microwave radiation as a substitute for the conventional heating has been reported for sintering ceramic [7][8][9][10][11][12], synthesizing organic materials [13][14][15] or speeding up a chemical reaction and drying [16][17]. Microwave radiation is believed to be able to increase the rate of a chemical reaction.…”

Characterization of Liquid Volatile Matter (LVM) of Cashew Nut Shell using Pyrolysis and Gas Chomatroghaphy

“…open opportunity to heat material by using this waves as n alternative energy for heating. This method was applied and reported for synthesizing organic material [8][9][10], ceramics processing [12][13][14][15][16], enhancing mechanical properties of ceramics [17][18] reaction [19][20]. The application microwave for pyrolysis has been performing in Halu Oleo University and will be reported in separated papers.…”

Shape-controlled Synthesis of Activated Bio-chars by Surfactant-templated Ionothermal Carbonization in Acidic Ionic Liquid and Activation with Carbon Dioxide

“…They have been widely used in catalyst support (Guo et al 2012a(Guo et al , 2012bWu et al 2012), energy storage (Simon and Gogotsi 2008;Stoller et al 2008), adsorption (Choma et al 2011;Danish et al 2013;Kruk et al 1996) and adsorptive separation (Deng et al 2013;Sircar et al 1996). Biomass materials, including coconut shells (Hu and Srinivasan 1999;Li et al 2008;Sekar et al 2004), bamboo (Hameed et al 2007;Mizuta et al 2004), and other wood materials (Carrott and Ribeiro Carrott 2007;Danish et al 2013;Ioannidou and Zabaniotou 2007;Titirici and Antonietti 2010) are used for the production of activated carbons.…”