Biomass char as a fuel for internal combustion engines

Ellem, Gary; Mulligan, Cara J.

doi:10.1002/apj.636

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This analysis did however identify that the ash present involved molecules containing calcium, potassium, and silicon, with some type of oxide being the most probable form. These are all common types of elemental ash found in biomass [17].…”

Section: Particle Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Biomass derived charcoal ash studied by Ellem and Mulligan [17] were found to contain mostly silicon (SiO 2 ), aluminum (Al 2 O 3 ), iron (Fe 2 O 3 ), calcium (CaO), magnesium (MgO), sodium (NaO 2 ), potassium (K 2 O), and phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ). It was noted that mechanical separation and leaching would be effective in removing the majority of ashes within biomass charcoals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Micronized Charcoal for Use in a Liquid Fuel Slurry

Long

Boyette

2016

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) was chosen as the woody biomass for the production of charcoal for use in a liquid fuel slurry. Charcoal produced from this biomass resulted in a highly porous structure similar to the parent material. Micronized particles were produced from this charcoal using a multi-step milling process and verified using a scanning electron microscope and laser diffraction system. Charcoal particles greater than 50 µm exhibited long needle shapes much like the parent biomass while particles less than 50 µm were produced with aspect ratios closer to unity. Laser diffraction measurements indicated D10, D50, and D90 values of 4.446 µm, 15.83 µm, and 39.69 µm, respectively. Moisture content, ash content, absolute density, and energy content values were also measured for the charcoal particles produced. Calculated volumetric energy density values for the charcoal particles exceeded the No. 2 diesel fuel that would be displaced in a liquid fuel slurry.

show abstract

Section: Particle Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Micronized Charcoal for Use in a Liquid Fuel Slurry

Long

Boyette

2016

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Biochar is a carbon-rich material which originates from biomass being heated under oxygen-deprived conditions [1]. The properties of biochar allow for it to have several applications such as soil fertilizers, gas adsorbents and biofuels [2]. However, research on the suitability of these applications is still fairly recent, and more research is required to better understand this material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slow pyrolysis, usually using a temperature range between 350 and 800°C at slow heating rates (i.e. between 10 to 50°C/min) has been shown to produce a high-carbon, energy-dense solid char product which optimises char yield [1, [2], [7]. It has been shown that chemical pre-treatment of SCB can further enhance yields of char [8, [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Incorporation of Biochar into a Char-Water Fuel — Study of Chemical and Physical Properties

Pillai¹,

Griffin²,

Pannirselvam³

2018

IJESD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Biochar has the potential to be used for a wide range of applications. One of these includes utilisation as a char-water fuel, with the aim of substituting less sustainable fuels in the future. This paper reports the chemical and physical properties of biochar produced from sugarcane bagasse for use as a char-water fuel. Sugarcane bagasse was pre-treated with diammonium phosphate (DAP) and pyrolysed to increase the yield of biochar. An untreated sample of bagasse was also converted to biochar for comparison. The treated samples were formulated into char-water fuel and analysed for rheological behaviour. Viscosities were comparable to that reported for coal-water slurry fuels and, in some cases, other biological by-products (i.e. biooils), but were higher than diesel or gasoline. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and particle size distribution were conducted on the char samples and the energy content was measured using bomb calorimetry. The energy content of the char-water fuel would be similar to that of coal-water fuels if beneficiation of the biochar to remove ash components can be performed.

show abstract

“…However the energy requirements of refining bio-oil produced by pyrolysis were not included in the study. Ellem and Mulligan [6] concluded that pyrolysis of lignicellulosic biomass to char/gas product was more energy efficient than a biomass-to-liquid (BTL) process route. Furthermore they contended that the char could be processed to char-water fuel (CWF) and/or char-hydrocarbon fuel (CHF) which are suitable for use in ship, rail and other transport fuel applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of bagasse to char-water fuel by pyrolysis

Griffin¹,

Tan²,

Ho³

et al. 2015

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this research was to study the conditions that maximize the formation of char when sugar cane bagasse (SCB) is pyrolysed. It has been proposed that char produced from biomass may be crushed and then suspended in water to produce a char-water fuel suitable as a heavy oil replacement. Experiments were conducted by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transfer infrared spectrometry (FTIR) to measure the effect of the chemical additives diammonium phosphate (DAP) or monoammonium phosphate (MAP) on the mass-loss processes of SCB when heated between 100°C and 700°C under nitrogen. The additives were impregnated on the SCB as aqueous solutions at concentrations of between 0.01M and 1.0M. For untreated bagasse, char yield was 18wt% at 400°C and 16.5wt% at 700°C. For treated SCB, it was observed that the additives initiated mass loss at lower temperatures and produced significantly larger yields of char than untreated bagasse. When heated to 450°C, the char yield increased with additive concentration. If heated above 450°C, another mass loss occurred between 450°C and 600°C, but only for those SCB samples treated with additives at concentrations greater than 0.1M. Thus, when heated to 700°C the maximum yield of char occurred for SCB sample treated with 0.1M additives. Analyses of the evolved pyrolysis gases using FTIR showed that treated SCB, at concentrations greater than 0.1M DAP or MAP, contained less hydrocarbon species and were enriched in water consistent with the catalytic degradation of the SCB. When treated with higher concentrations of additives, gases that evolved at temperatures above 450°C were rich in phosphoric acid esters and aromatic and unsaturated phosphonic acid species.

show abstract

Biomass char as a fuel for internal combustion engines

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Analysis of Micronized Charcoal for Use in a Liquid Fuel Slurry

Analysis of Micronized Charcoal for Use in a Liquid Fuel Slurry

The Potential Incorporation of Biochar into a Char-Water Fuel — Study of Chemical and Physical Properties

Conversion of bagasse to char-water fuel by pyrolysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About