Biomass Burning in the Amazon-Fertilizer for the Mountaineous Rain Forest in Ecuador (7 pp)

Fabian, P.; Kohlpaintner, Michael; Rollenbeck, Rütger

doi:10.1065/espr2005.07.272

Cited by 63 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…NUMEX was started in 2008 to study if and to what extent N and P limitation are controlling tropical montane forest functioning at three elevation levels (1000, 2000, and 3000 m) and to simulate the effects of future increasing nutrient availability from atmospheric deposition on different ecosystem processes. In southern Ecuador, nutrient deposition has been suggested to largely origin from extensive biomass burning occurring in the Amazon basin leading to increasing depositions of >10 kg N ha −1 in the last decade (Fabian et al, 2005;Wilcke et al, 2013). The continued nutrient addition in this experiment had already shown effects on various belowground to aboveground compartments in the experiment's first years: Homeier et al (2012) found in the common tree species a positive growth response after N (two out of four species), P (two out of four species) and N+P addition (three out of four species) and an increase of leaf litter production after N and NP addition suggesting that at 2000 m. a.s.l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Seedlings of a Shade-Tolerant Tropical Tree Species after Moderate Addition of N and P

2015

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Nitrogen deposition to tropical forests is predicted to increase in future in many regions due to agricultural intensification. We conducted a seedling transplantation experiment in a tropical premontane forest in Ecuador with a locally abundant late-successional tree species (Pouteria torta, Sapotaceae) aimed at detecting species-specific responses to moderate N and P addition and to understand how increasing nutrient availability will affect regeneration. From locally collected seeds, 320 seedlings were produced and transplanted to the plots of the Ecuadorian Nutrient Manipulation Experiment (NUMEX) with three treatments (moderate N addition: 50 kg N ha −1 year −1 , moderate P addition: 10 kg P ha −1 year −1 and combined N and P addition) and a control (80 plants per treatment). After 12 months, mortality, relative growth rate, leaf nutrient content and leaf herbivory rate were measured. N and NP addition significantly increased the mortality rate (70 vs. 54% in the control). However, N and P addition also increased the diameter growth rate of the surviving seedlings. N and P addition did not alter foliar nutrient concentrations and leaf N:P ratio, but N addition decreased the leaf C:N ratio and increased SLA. P addition (but not N addition) resulted in higher leaf area loss to herbivore consumption and also shifted carbon allocation to root growth. This fertilization experiment with a common rainforest tree species conducted in old-growth forest shows that already moderate doses of added N and P are affecting seedling performance which most likely will have consequences for the competitive strength in the understory and the recruitment success of P. torta. Simultaneous increases in growth, herbivory and mortality rates make it difficult to assess the species' overall performance and predict how a future increase in nutrient deposition will alter the abundance of this species in the Andean tropical montane forests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Seedlings of a Shade-Tolerant Tropical Tree Species after Moderate Addition of N and P

2015

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“…With regard to the mega-diverse tropical mountain rain forest in the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes (Bendix and Beck, 2009), biomass burning in the Amazon has been hitherto identified as the principal source of atmospheric sulfate deposition (Beiderwieden et al, 2005;Boy et al, 2008;Fabian et al, 2005Fabian et al, , 2009Rollenbeck et al, 2011). However, volcanic and biomass-burning emissions were included by roughly estimated data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this, Schemenauer and Cerceda (1994) found good agreements between the collection rates of different tree species and the standard fog collectors that we used in this study. For further details on field measurement techniques, calibration, and handling of the data, the reader is referred to Fabian et al (2005) and Rollenbeck et al (2007Rollenbeck et al ( , 2011. On the day of collection, electrical conductivity (WTW-LF 90) and pH (Methron 73065/682) of the samples were measured on site.…”

Section: Sulfate In Rain and Opmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standard fog collectors (Schemenauer and Cereceda, 1994) were used to sample OP. With a size of 1 × 1 m and composed of polypropylene nets with a 2 × 1 mm mesh width, they were set up at 90 • with respect to the main wind direction and collected all types of deposition, such as particles, aerosols, and gases (Fabian et al, 2005).…”

Section: Sulfate In Rain and Opmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For central Africa and tropical South America, however, emissions from burning forests, savannas, and agricultural fields were claimed to be the principal source of atmospheric pollution (Hansen et al, 2013;Rissler et al, 2006; and reactive sulfur deposition in the downwind regions (Diehl et al, 2012;Fabian et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural or anthropogenic? On the origin of atmospheric sulfate deposition in the Andes of southeastern Ecuador

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Atmospheric sulfur deposition above certain limits can represent a threat to tropical forests, causing nutrient imbalances and mobilizing toxic elements that impact biodiversity and forest productivity. Atmospheric sources of sulfur deposited by precipitation have been roughly identified in only a few lowland tropical forests. Even scarcer are studies of this type in tropical mountain forests, many of them megadiversity hotspots and especially vulnerable to acidic deposition. In these places, the topographic complexity and related streamflow conditions affect the origin, type, and intensity of deposition. Furthermore, in regions with a variety of natural and anthropogenic sulfur sources, like active volcanoes and biomass burning, no source emission data has been used for determining the contribution of each source to the deposition. The main goal of the current study is to evaluate sulfate (SO − 4 ) deposition by rain and occult precipitation at two topographic locations in a tropical mountain forest of southern Ecuador, and to trace back the deposition to possible emission sources applying back-trajectory modeling. To link upwind natural (volcanic) and anthropogenic (urban/industrial and biomass-burning) sulfur emissions and observed sulfate deposition, we employed state-of-the-art inventory and satellite data, including volcanic passive degassing as well. We conclude that biomass-burning sources generally dominate sulfate deposition at the evaluated sites. Minor sulfate transport occurs during the shifting of the predominant winds to the north and west. Occult precipitation sulfate deposition and likely rain sulfate deposition are mainly linked to biomass-burning emissions from the Amazon lowlands. Volcanic and anthropogenic emissions from the north and west contribute to occult precipitation sulfate deposition at the mountain crest Cerro del Consuelo meteorological station and to rain-deposited sulfate at the upriver mountain pass El Tiro meteorological station.

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Water chemistry variation in tropical high‐mountain lakes on old volcanic bedrocks

Mosquera

Hampel

Vázquez

et al. 2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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Water chemistry and its ecological implications have been extensively investigated in temperate high-mountain lakes because of their role as sentinels of global change. However, few studies have considered the drivers of water chemistry in tropical mountain lakes underlain by volcanic bedrock. A survey of 165 p aramo lakes in the Cajas Massif of the Southern Ecuador Andes identified 4 independent chemical variation gradients, primarily characterized by divalent cations (hardness), organic carbon, silica, and iron levels. Hardness and silica factors showed contrasting relationships with parent rock type and age, vegetation, aquatic ecosystems in the watershed, and lake and watershed size. Geochemical considerations suggest that divalent cations (and related alkalinity, conductivity, and pH) mainly respond to the cumulative partial dissolution of primary aluminosilicates distributed throughout the subsurface of watersheds, and silica and monovalent cations are associated with the congruent dissolution of large amounts of secondary aluminosilicates localized in former hydrothermal or tectonic spots. Dissolved organic carbon was much higher than in temperate high-mountain lakes, causing extra acidity in water. The smaller the lakes and their watersheds, the higher the likelihood of elevated organic carbon and metals and low hardness. The watershed wetland cover favored metal levels in the lakes but not organic carbon. Phosphorus, positively, and nitrate, negatively, weakly correlated with the metal gradient, indicating common influence by in-lake processes. Overall, the study revealed that relatively small tropical lake districts on volcanic basins can show chemical variation equivalent to that in large mountain ranges with a combination of plutonic, metamorphic, and carbonate rock areas.

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Biomass Burning in the Amazon-Fertilizer for the Mountaineous Rain Forest in Ecuador (7 pp)

Cited by 63 publications

References 19 publications

Performance of Seedlings of a Shade-Tolerant Tropical Tree Species after Moderate Addition of N and P

Performance of Seedlings of a Shade-Tolerant Tropical Tree Species after Moderate Addition of N and P

Natural or anthropogenic? On the origin of atmospheric sulfate deposition in the Andes of southeastern Ecuador

Water chemistry variation in tropical high‐mountain lakes on old volcanic bedrocks

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