Biomass, biochemical composition and decomposition behavior of roots and shoots of major rainfed crops

Crop residue heterogeneity: Decomposition by potential indigenous ligno-cellulolytic microbes and enzymatic profiling

“…In the present study, the lignin: N ratio in different root residues was 0.18 to 5.32-fold higher as compared to straw residues showing rapid decomposition of substrate utilization of nutrients through microbial metabolic activities as well as secretion of large quantities of enzymes. Similar findings have also been documented by Srinivas et al (2020) demonstrating a 2 to 3-fold higher lignin: N ratio for roots of various crops and cultivars as compared to shoot owing to the higher lignin content and less availability of C and N. Furthermore, Bonanomi et al (2021) also reported a reduced rate of decomposition for root litter than leaves litter decomposition. This delayed decay of fine roots was due to specific chemical characteristics, primarily a lower N concentration combined with higher lignin content as compared to corresponding leaf litter.…”

“…The enzymatic activity in soil is significantly influenced by the diverse biochemical constituents present in root and straw residues from crops, contributing to crop heterogeneity. The introduction of organic compounds, including proteins, carbohydrates, and lignin, by these crop components serves as substrates for soil enzymes, shaping their activity and function ( Srinivas et al, 2020 ). Root residues release sugars and soluble organic compounds during decomposition, acting as a carbon source for microorganisms and affecting enzymatic processes involved in organic matter degradation ( Garcia-Palacios et al, 2016 ).…”

Performance evaluation of battery operated single row weeder for chickpea

“…The plant damage percentage by weeder will be calculated using the following equation (Srinivas et al, 2010) [9] . Plant damage percentage, q = (Q / p) × 100…”

“…The performance of the weeder will be assessed through performance index with suggested by Srinivas et al, (2010) [9] .…”

Comparative Performance Analysis of a Remote-Controlled Paddy Weeder in Varied Soil Conditions

“…The highest field capacity was observed as 0.098ha/h when the weeder was operated in sandy soil on 20 days after transplanting due to faster operation when compared with sandy loam and loamy soils. The lowest field capacity was observed as 0.076ha/h when the weeder was operated in loamy soils on 40 days after transplanting in loamy soils due to more operation time [8,9].…”