Biomass-Based Chemical Looping Gasification: Overview and Recent Developments

Abstract

Biomass has emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels. Many researchers have carried out intensive research work on biomass gasification to evaluate its performance and feasibility to produce high-quality syngas. However, the process remains the problem of tar formation and low efficiency. Recently, novel approaches were developed for biomass utilization. Chemical looping gasification is considered a suitable pathway to produce valuable products from biomass among biomass conversion processes. This review paper provides a significant body of knowledge on the recent developments of the biomass-based chemical looping gasification process. The effects of process parameters have been discussed to provide important insights into the development of novel technology based on chemical looping. The state-of-the-art experimental and simulation/modeling studies and their fundamental assumptions are described in detail. In conclusion, the review paper highlights current research trends, identifying research gaps and opportunities for future applications of biomass-based chemical looping gasification process. The study aims to assist in understanding biomass-based chemical looping gasification and its development through recent research.

Effect of the Mass Conversion Degree of an Oxygen Carrier on Char Conversion and Its Implication for Chemical Looping Gasification

“…Given this emerging interest for an environmentally friendly fuel conversion, it is expected that the adaption of CLG is to convert biomass, an abundantly available carbon-neutral fuel, into valuable products. A review by Nguyen et al 3 stated that CLG has a clear advantage compared to the conventional gasification in terms of energy sourcing. While the conventional gasification requires a lot of energy, this issue is solved in CLG because the oxidation of the oxygen carrier taking place in the AR is exothermic.…”

Chemical Looping Combustion and Gasification: A Review and a Focus on European Research Projects

“…211,213,211 According to Mendiara et al, 46 the first reference for CLG appeared in 2014. CLG brings in some advantages in comparison to the usual gasification process: 45,46,85,214,215 no air dilution and no ASU are needed thanks to the use of OCs, therefore coupling peculiar aspects of precombustion and oxyfuel combustion strategies for carbon capture; the OCs action may reduce tar amount in syngas; the experience gained with CLC development may be exploited; OC particles may have solid phases with catalytic properties toward gasification/ reforming reactions; the heat released by the regeneration (oxidation) of the OC may be provided to endothermic gasification reactions (especially concerning steam gasification) along with the OC itself.…”

“…The literature generally reports of DIFB as the most popular reactor configuration to continuously convert solid fuels by CLG, having the same rationale described for CLC (Figure (a)): the solid OC particles circulate between a FR (hosting gasification by OC reduction) and an AR (combustion, OC oxidation); regenerated OC particles bring in the FR part of the heat of combustion from the AR as specific heat; the undiluted syngas leaves the FR. ,− Depending on the fluidization regimes in the two vessels (bubbling, turbulent, riser), different design details are adopted, ,− up to the kW th -scale (25 kWth, 10 kWth, 1.5 kWth, , 0.3 kWth) and the MW th -scale in a recently presented BCLG pilot plant. , …”

“…Xue et al studied by simulations the effects of coupled variation of T FR , λ, S / F on the CLG of biomass . Further discussion on the CLG operating parameter can be found in the review of Nguyen et al “Three-reactors systems” are sometimes mentioned, counting three interconnected vessels through which the OC circulates: the solid fuel and oxidized OC are fed to the FR, producing undiluted syngas (richer in CO); the OC then is partially oxidized with steam (reverse of Reaction ) in the H 2 O reforming reactor, producing an H 2 -rich gas product; the OC then enters the AR, where it is fully oxidized by air-combustion; the oxidized OC is eventually fed to the FR, closing the loop. , In other words, this process couples the FR/AR system with a chemical looping water splitting (CLWS). , .…”

Effects of Temperature, Operation Mode, and Steam Concentration on Alkali Release in Chemical Looping Conversion of Biomass─Experimental Investigation in a 10 kWth Pilot

“…Because the OC delivers oxygen in solid form from the AR to the FR, nitrogen from AR air is kept from entering the FR product gas stream, making carbon capture inherent to the chemical looping operating principle. Details on the principle of CLC and CLG as well as progress in the chemical looping suite of technologies have been described in detail in a number of publications. − Although CLC and CLG systems require the use of an oxygen carrier as the bed material and require a more complex dual reactor arrangement, the inherent carbon capture of these systems comes at much lower cost and energy penalties when compared to conventional post-combustion carbon capture or oxy-fuel combustion technologies. − …”