Biomass and Pigments of Benthic Algae

Steinman, Alan D.; Lamberti, Gary A.; Leavitt, Peter R.; Uzarski, Donald G

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416558-8.00012-3

Cited by 160 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…A portion of each subsample was dried for at least 48 h at 60 • C, and the dry weight was recorded. Subsequently, the organic matter in the sediment was combusted at 500 • C for 4 h, and the sediment was rewetted and then dried at 60 • C for at least 48 h before reweighing (Steinman et al, 2007). Sediment organic matter was estimated as the percent of sediment material lost during combustion (SOM %) and converted to the total sediment organic carbon (Thomas et al, 2005) available per gram of dry sediment (Table 2).…”

Section: Sediment Organic Matter and Porewater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulators of coastal wetland methane production and responses to simulated global change

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH 4 ) emissions to the atmosphere, which vary along salinity and productivity gradients. Global change has the potential to reshape these gradients and therefore alter future contributions of wetlands to the global CH 4 budget. Our study examined CH 4 production along a natural salinity gradient in fully inundated coastal Alaska wetlands. In the laboratory, we incubated natural sediments to compare CH 4 production rates between non-tidal freshwater and tidal brackish wetlands, and quantified the abundances of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria in these ecosystems. We also simulated seawater intrusion and enhanced organic matter availability, which we predicted would have contrasting effects on coastal wetland CH 4 production. Tidal brackish wetlands produced less CH 4 than non-tidal freshwater wetlands probably due to high sulfate availability and generally higher abundances of sulfate-reducing bacteria, whereas non-tidal freshwater wetlands had significantly greater methanogen abundances. Seawater addition experiments with freshwater sediments, however, did not reduce CH 4 production, perhaps because the 14-day incubation period was too short to elicit a shift in microbial communities. In contrast, increased organic matter enhanced CH 4 production in 75 % of the incubations, but this response depended on the macrophyte species added, with half of the species treatments having no significant effect. Our study suggests that CH 4 production in coastal wetlands, and therefore their overall contribution to the global CH 4 cycle, will be sensitive to increased organic matter availability and potentially seawater intrusion. To better predict future wetland contributions to the global CH 4 budget, future studies and modeling efforts should investigate how multiple global change mechanisms will interact to impact CH 4 dynamics.

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Section: Sediment Organic Matter and Porewater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulators of coastal wetland methane production and responses to simulated global change

et al. 2017

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“…Increases in algal biomass are also associated with many of the negative human health and ecological consequences of eutrophication, such as reduced drinking water quality [29,30] and altered species composition [4]. Chlorophyll a (chl-a) is a photosynthetic pigment used to measure algal biomass [31]. In streams and rivers, researchers may sample benthic chl-a from hard substrates or sestonic chl-a from the water column [31,32] to determine chl-a concentrations.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorophyll a (chl-a) is a photosynthetic pigment used to measure algal biomass [31]. In streams and rivers, researchers may sample benthic chl-a from hard substrates or sestonic chl-a from the water column [31,32] to determine chl-a concentrations.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…if the National Land Cover Dataset is used to estimate land cover, it will be used for all studies). Methodological modifiers, such as extraction method, measurement method, or sampling location (benthic, sestonic) for chl-a [31,42], or fraction of water sample used for nutrient measurement (filtered, unfiltered), will also be recorded.…”

Section: Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of chlorophyll a to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in lotic ecosystems: a systematic review protocol

et al. 2017

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Background: Eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems resulting from nitrogen and phosphorus pollution is a major stressor across the globe. Despite recognition by scientists and stakeholders of the problems of nutrient pollution, rigorous synthesis of scientific evidence is still needed to inform nutrient-related management decisions, especially in streams and rivers. Nutrient stressor-response relationships are complicated by multiple interacting environmental factors, complex and indirect causal pathways involving diverse biotic assemblages and food web compartments, legacy (historic) nutrient sources such as agricultural sediments, and the naturally high spatiotemporal variability of lotic ecosystems. Determining nutrient levels at which ecosystems are affected is a critical first step for identifying, managing, and restoring aquatic resources impaired by eutrophication and maintaining currently unimpaired resources. The systematic review outlined in this protocol will compile and synthesize literature on the response of chlorophyll a to nutrients in streams, providing a state-of-the-science body of evidence to assess nutrient impacts to one of the most widely-used measures of eutrophication. This review will address two questions: "What is the response of chlorophyll a to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in lotic ecosystems?" and "How are these relationships affected by other factors?" Methods: Searches for published and unpublished articles (peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed) will be conducted using bibliographic databases and search engines. Searches will be supplemented with bibliography searches and requests for material from the scientific and management community. Articles will be screened for relevance at the title/abstract and full text levels using pre-determined inclusion criteria; 10% (minimum 50, maximum 200) of screened papers will be examined by multiple reviewers to ensure consistent application of criteria. Study risk of bias will be evaluated using a questionnaire developed from existing frameworks and tailored to the specific study types this review will encounter. Results will be synthesized using meta-analysis of correlation coefficients, as well as narrative and tabular summaries, and will focus on the shape, direction, strength, and variability of available nutrientchlorophyll relationships. Sensitivity analysis and meta-regression will be used to evaluate potential effects of study quality and modifying factors on nutrient-chlorophyll relationships.

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“…The rock samples were kept in the dark and frozen until chlorophyll a was extracted with 95% ethanol and analyzed spectrophotometrically following the methods of Steinman et al (2006). Chlorophyll a concentrations were then corrected for rock surface area and expressed as μg chlorophyll a/cm 2 .…”

Section: Resource Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Consecutive wildfires affect stream biota in cold- and warmwater dryland river networks

et al. 2015

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Climate change and fire suppression have altered fire regimes globally, leading to larger, more frequent, and more severe wildfires. Responses of coldwater stream biota to single wildfires are well studied, but measured responses to consecutive wildfires in warmwater systems that often include mixed assemblages of native and nonnative taxa are lacking. We quantified changes in physical habitat, resource availability, and biomass of cold-and warmwater oligochaetes, insects, crayfish, fishes, and tadpoles following consecutive megafires (covering >100 km 2 ) in the upper Gila River, New Mexico, USA. We were particularly interested in comparing responses of native and nonnative fishes that might have evolved under different disturbance regimes. Changes in habitat and resource availability were related to cumulative fire effects, fire size, and postfire precipitation. The 2 nd of 2 consecutive wildfires in the basin was larger and, coupled with moderate postfire discharge, resulted in increased siltation and decreased algal biomass. Several insect taxa responded to these fires with reduced biomass, whereas oligochaete biomass was unaffected. Biomass of 6 of 7 native fish species decreased after the fires, and decreases were associated with site proximity to fire. Nonnative fish decreases after fire were most pronounced for coldwater salmonids, and warmwater nonnative fishes exhibited limited responses. All crayfish and tadpoles collected were nonnative and were unresponsive to fire disturbance. More pronounced responses of native insects and fishes to fires indicate that increasing fire size and frequency threatens the persistence of native fauna and suggests that management activities promoting ecosystem resilience might help ameliorate wildfire effects.

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Biomass and Pigments of Benthic Algae

Cited by 160 publications

References 69 publications

Regulators of coastal wetland methane production and responses to simulated global change

Regulators of coastal wetland methane production and responses to simulated global change

Response of chlorophyll a to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in lotic ecosystems: a systematic review protocol

Consecutive wildfires affect stream biota in cold- and warmwater dryland river networks

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