Biomass and Nutrient Content of 4-year-old Fertilized and Unfertilized Northern Hardwood Stands

Safford, L. O.; Filip, Stanley M.

doi:10.1139/x74-079

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In addition, LAI shows no significant correlation with height, FHD (either height grouping), successional status, understory development or any other variable strongly correlated with these. This is not surprising in view of recent studies strongly linking LAI to availability of moisture and nutrients (Grier and Running 1977, Safford 1974, Safford and Filip 1974. Total LAI appears more responsive to resource availability than to age, species composition or canopy structure.…”

Section: La!mentioning

confidence: 65%

Foliage‐Height Profiles and Succession in Northern Hardwood Forests

Aber¹

1979

Ecology

173

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Leaf area index (LAI) and foliage—height profiles were determined for 13 northern hardwood stands ranging from 3 to 57 yr since clearcutting and for 1 uncut stand. Leaf litter collection and stratified clipping were used to measure LAI which showed no relationship to total canopy height or foliage—height distribution, and recovered quickly to near mature forest levels following cutting. A camera and telephoto lens were used to measure the distribution of heights to lowest leaf in the 12 oldest stands (7 / yr). Distributions were converted to foliage—height profiles using equations from MacArthur and Horn (1969). Profiles in the 2 youngest stands (3 and 4 yr) were determined by stratified clipping. Total canopy height varies predictably with age and is the major determinant of foliage—height diversity calculated using data in 1—m intervals by height. The concentration of foliage into a definable stratum occurs early in succession and persists through year 30. An associated lack of understory in this period results in a reduced foliage—height diversity using data normalized to a 4 strata per profile. Beyond year 30, canopy structure is variable but mature stands generally have leaves evenly distributed by height.

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Section: La!mentioning

confidence: 65%

Foliage‐Height Profiles and Succession in Northern Hardwood Forests

Aber¹

1979

Ecology

173

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“…Studies in the northeastern hardwood forest have shown that its competitive effect depends upon its density in relation to the species of interest. For yellow birch, Safford and Filip (1974) and Leak (1988) found a negative effect on survival and growth during the regeneration stage, but neither Heitzman and Nyland (1994) nor Ristau and Horsley (1999) found a negative effect. However, it is generally recognized that yellow birch has the ability to be codominant when pin cherry develops at intermediate densities (Wendel 1990).…”

Section: Vegetation Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of cutting intensity on microenvironmental conditions and regeneration dynamics in yellow birch – conifer stands

Prévost

2008

Can. J. For. Res.

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This paper presents the 5 year results of different cutting intensities (removal of 0%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 100% of the basal area) applied in two mixed yellow birch ( Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) – conifer stands of eastern Quebec, Canada. Two sites 90 km apart were used: Armagh and Duchesnay. Each site had four replicates of the treatments in a randomized block design. The effect on light availability was similar in the two sites: the 0%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 100% cuts transmitting a mean of 5%, 21%, 26%, 30%, and 94% of full light, respectively, during the first summer. Soil temperature increased only in the 100% cut (4−5 °C, maximum daily temperature). Soil disturbance during harvest was higher at Duchesnay than at Armagh, which clearly improved seedbed receptivity, particularly to yellow birch. After 5 years, treated areas contained 21 000 to 48 300 seedlings/ha at Duchesnay compared with 5500 – 10 500 seedlings/ha at Armagh. Significant losses of coniferous advance growth were observed at both sites, but a subsequent seedling recruitment occurred only at Duchesnay. Red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.) showed superior establishment in the 60% cut (4400 seedlings/ha) than under other cutting intensities (1600–2100 seedlings/ha), whereas balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) responded well to all partial cutting treatments. At both sites, pin cherry ( Prunus pensylvanica L.f.) was the main competing species in the 100% cut, whereas densities of the preestablished mountain maple ( Acer spicatum Lamb.) and striped maple ( Acer pensylvanicum L.) either remained the same or increased in the partial cuts.

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“…4b), and positive responses to P occurred at all but the highest fertilization rates, for which there are few observations. Some have reported increased foliar P concentrations with fertilization (Mercer 1974;Safford and Filip 1974;Ellis 1979;Safford and Czapowskyj 1986;Fahey et al 1998;Gradowski and Thomas 2008), indicating that fertilization did significantly increase P availability. However, others (Finn and White 1966;Schmitt et al 1981;Leech and Kim 1990;Ouimet and Fortin 1992) found no such increase, which is consistent either with Psufficiency in the control trees, or with insufficient P availability relative to other added nutrients.…”

Section: Production Responses To P Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of fertilization experiments indicates multiple limiting nutrients in northeastern deciduous forests

Vadeboncoeur

2010

Can. J. For. Res.

106

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It is widely accepted that N limits primary production in temperate forests, although colimitation by N and P has also been suggested, and on some soils, Ca and base cations are in short supply. I conducted a meta-analysis to assess the strength of existing experimental evidence for limitation of primary production by N, P, and Ca in hardwood forests of the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada using data from 35 fertilization experiments in deciduous forests on glaciated soils across the region. There is strong evidence for N limitation (formal meta-analysis weighted mean response ratio = 1.51, p < 0.01; simple mean = 1.42, p < 0.001). Forest productivity also tended to increase with additions of P (simple mean = 1.15, p = 0.05) and Ca (simple mean = 1.36, p < 0.001). Across all treatments, 85% of response ratios were positive. Multiple-element additions had larger effects than single elements, but factorial experiments showed little evidence of synergistic effects between nutrient additions. Production responses correlated positively with the rate of N fertilization, but this effect was reduced at high rates of ambient N deposition.

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Biomass and Nutrient Content of 4-year-old Fertilized and Unfertilized Northern Hardwood Stands

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Foliage‐Height Profiles and Succession in Northern Hardwood Forests

Foliage‐Height Profiles and Succession in Northern Hardwood Forests

Effect of cutting intensity on microenvironmental conditions and regeneration dynamics in yellow birch – conifer stands

Meta-analysis of fertilization experiments indicates multiple limiting nutrients in northeastern deciduous forests

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