Biomass and Genotype × Environment Interactions of Populus Energy Crops in the Midwestern United States

Zalesny, Ronald S.; Hall, Richard B.; Zalesny, Jill A.; McMahon, Bernard G.; Berguson, William E.; Stanosz, G. R.

doi:10.1007/s12155-009-9039-9

Cited by 95 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition, the Tacamahaca genotypes tested were not ideal for these comparisons. The first two clones, NM2 and NM6, were typically the most productive in the north-central region for traditional applications [27,37]; therefore, the negative correlation between specific gravity and growth rate reported above may have accounted for the majority of the responses observed (i.e., fast growth contributed to low density wood). The second Tacamahaca genomic group ((P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides) × P. deltoids) contained, at most, 25% of its alleles from P. trichocarpa, which may not be a true representation of the species as reported elsewhere [30,36].…”

Section: Genetic Trends In Specific Gravitymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Fifteen of the seventeen sites for the current study were selected from two regional networks of hybrid poplar clone and yield trials established in the north-central United States during 2000 to 2001 (10-year-old plantations) [27,37] and 1988 to 1991 (20-year-old plantations) [38][39][40]. The remaining two sites (15-year-old plantations) were established in 1995 as part of the woody biomass feedstock development program at Iowa State University (Figure 1).…”

Section: Site and Clone Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Gravity of Hybrid Poplars in the North-Central Region, USA: Within-Tree Variability and Site × Genotype Effects

Headlee

Zalesny

Hall

et al. 2013

Forests

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Specific gravity is an important consideration for traditional uses of hybrid poplars for pulp and solid wood products, as well as for biofuels and bioenergy production. While specific gravity has been shown to be under strong genetic control and subject to within-tree variability, the role of genotype × environment interactions is poorly understood. Most specific gravity reports are for a limited number of locations, resulting in a lack of information about the interactions between clones and sites over a wide range of climate and soil conditions. The objective of the current study was to characterize the effects of bole position, site, clone, and site × clone interactions for twelve hybrid poplar genotypes grown in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, USA. Observed specific gravities ranged from 0.267 to 0.495 (mean = 0.352 ± 0.001 for 612 samples taken from 204 trees), with bole position and site × clone interactions having significant effects on specific gravity. Further investigation of the site × clone interactions indicated that environmental conditions related to water stress were key predictors of specific gravity. These data are OPEN ACCESSForests 2013, 4 252 important for informing genotypic selection and silvicultural management decisions associated with growing hybrid poplars.

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Section: Genetic Trends In Specific Gravitymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Site and Clone Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Gravity of Hybrid Poplars in the North-Central Region, USA: Within-Tree Variability and Site × Genotype Effects

Headlee

Zalesny

Hall

et al. 2013

Forests

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“…Hybrid poplars were selected because they have rapid growth under greenhouse conditions, they are readily propagated from vegetative cuttings which reduce the inherent variability of the test plants, and they have demonstrated potential as short rotation woody crops for bioenergy production in the region [21,22]. The clone 'NM6' is a fast-rooting hybrid which is easy to clonally propagate [23] and is expected to be representative of hybrid poplars utilized in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar as a Substitute for Vermiculite in Potting Mix for Hybrid Poplar

2013

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate biochar as a substitute for vermiculite in potting mixes for unrooted vegetative cuttings of hybrid poplar as represented by the clone 'NM6' (Populus nigra L. × Populus suaveolens Fischer subsp. maximowiczii A. Henry). We compared three treatments (peat moss (control), peat moss mixed with vermiculite, and peat moss mixed with biochar) at three times (pre-experiment, pre-fertilizer, and post-fertilizer). The biochar and vermiculite mixes had significantly higher cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pre-experiment exchangeable K than the control. Trees grown in the biochar and vermiculite mixes had significantly higher shoot K than the control at pre-fertilizer and post-fertilizer and significantly higher shoot and total biomass at post-fertilizer. The biochar mix was also associated with lower root biomass and higher shoot/root biomass ratio than the vermiculite mix at postfertilizer. Vector analysis indicated that all treatments were deficient in N at pre-fertilizer, and the control was also deficient in K at pre-fertilizer and post-fertilizer. Linear regression confirmed that shoot biomass was strongly correlated (R 2 =0.97) with N and K uptake (in addition to initial cutting diameter), also, root biomass was strongly correlated (R 2 =0.96) with potting mix CEC (in addition to shoot biomass). Luxury consumption of K at pre-fertilizer indicates that the increases in shoot and total biomass observed with the biochar and vermiculite treatments arise from this nutrient being "pre-loaded" in both mixes. We conclude that biochar provides benefits equivalent to vermiculite in terms of key nutrient availability and total biomass productivity.

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge concerning the ability of adaptation of poplar and willow clones to the different environmental conditions and cultural techniques (manuring and irrigation) in order to select generalist clones with elevated biomass production across the country and specialist clones with exceptional biomass production at specific location. This is important especially for bioenergy plantations [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the main site factors and management intensity affecting the establishment of Short-Rotation-Coppices (SRC) in Northern Italy through stepwise regression analysis

2010

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Data collected from 183 poplar and 102 willow SRC experimental plots, located in Central-North Italy, were subjected to stepwise regression analysis to acquire information on the environmental factors affecting plant survival and productivity in the first two-year rotation cycle. Nine Populus ×canadensis Mönch, eight P. deltoids Bartr. clones and four hybrids of Salix matsudana Koidz were included in analysis. Independent variables were: annual and seasonal water availability (rainfall and irrigation), annual mean air temperature, soil texture, pH, N and organic matter content, planting density and management intensity. Dependent variables were: a) mean annual yield during the first two-year rotation cycle in tons per hectare per year of dry matter (Odt·ha ); b) plant survival at the end of the second year from planting (%). Water availability resulted the main variable driving plant survival and biomass production in both poplar and willow clones. Water availability appeared to be the principal factor affecting the establishment of poplar and willow energy plantations in the Po valley. Possible variations in the rainfall regime consequent to climate changes could seriously influence land suitability to SRC. Experimental data also indicate that choice of planting density may increase the biomass yield during the first two-year especially with P. deltoides clones. © Versita Sp. z o.o. Keywords: Biomass production • Poplar • Willow • Short rotation coppice • Soil texture • Climate factors • Soil nutrient contents 1 CRA -Agricultural Research Council, PLF -Research Unit for Wood Production Outside Forests, I-15033 Casale Monferrato (AL), Italy IntroductionBiomass from short rotation coppice (SRC) is one of the possible alternatives to fossil fuels in Europe. Poplar and willow SRC plantations can produce large amounts of dry matter in a relatively short time (e.g. 1-2 years) maintaining their yield capacity throughout many years [1].During the last 5 years about 6000 hectares of energy plantations (Short-Rotation-Coppices, SRC) have been established in Italy, mainly in the Po valley, where biomass thermoelectric power plants are under construction, and the Regional Programs for Rural Development included a series of financial incentives to support the establishment and maintenance of SRC. The planted species were those recommended for the North and Central Italy by the National guidelines for energy plantations [2,3] namely poplars (Populus Cent. Eur.

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Biomass and Genotype × Environment Interactions of Populus Energy Crops in the Midwestern United States

Cited by 95 publications

References 39 publications

Specific Gravity of Hybrid Poplars in the North-Central Region, USA: Within-Tree Variability and Site × Genotype Effects

Specific Gravity of Hybrid Poplars in the North-Central Region, USA: Within-Tree Variability and Site × Genotype Effects

Biochar as a Substitute for Vermiculite in Potting Mix for Hybrid Poplar

Identification of the main site factors and management intensity affecting the establishment of Short-Rotation-Coppices (SRC) in Northern Italy through stepwise regression analysis

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