Biomass - A Source of Chemicals and Energy for Sustainable Development

Abstract

Nowadays, energetic utilization of biomass, biotechnology attracts a big attention not only from the environmental point of view but also have a social, political and economical impact. According to the Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and the European Council the emission of greenhouse gases can be reduced by 49% using bioethanol produced by a manufacturing process based on corn, instead of crude oil based fuels. Moreover in Hungary from 1st of July 2007 only gasoline with at least 4.4% bioethanol content is commercialized. In this article, some concrete examples of successful developments and/or implementation of biomass projects in Hungary are given such as: production friendly raw synthetic material at "Nitrokémia" chemical plant, manufacture of bioethanol by "Hungrana" and "Győr Distillery" companies, bio-ethyl-tert-buthyl-ether production by MOL Pls. Danube Refinery, research on new generation of biofuels. The main advantages and disadvantages as well motivations for further research and development of Hungarian bio-industrial and bio-consumer sectors are discussed.

Ecological briquettes from sunflower seed husk

“…The copper nickel thread (4) is tied to the sample and the cotton thread, after which the protection covers (5) is attached. The calorimeter chamber is connected to the calorimetric bomb cover 6 through two electrodes (7) and (8), which continue with the electrical threads for calorimetric bombs coupling (9) and (10). By threading the cover, the bomb (11) is coupled to fitting (12) to the oxygen supplying unit, generating a total pressure of 30 atmospheres.…”

Particularities of hollow-core briquettes obtained out of spruce and oak wooden waste

“…If there were no care for its constant use, waste would undoubtedly transform into garbage, which would pollute the environment (Ciubotă-Roşie et al 2008, Gavrilescu 2008, Jehlickova and Morris 2007. Proper management of any wooden waste contributes to the reduction of global warming (Dhillon and von Wuelhlisch 2013, Kim and Dale 2003, Lakó et al 2008, Thomas and Malczewski 2007, by keeping forests live. The dimensional variety of these kinds of wastes makes their combustion into the regular heating chambers almost impossible in their original state, as all waste needs to be chopped and only afterwards transformed into briquettes and pellets.…”

A comparative study regarding to physical and calorific properties of briquettes from vegetable biomass

“…Taking into consideration these aspects, it becomes necessary to supply the energetic market with fuels and thermal installations with high rating, thus the biomass should become a competitive source on the energetic market. [10] Romania must encourage the companies and citizens in order to invest in alternative energy sources. Therefore, the electrical energy balance produced from renewable resources of energy, in comparison to the gross natural consumption of electric energy must reach 33% until 2020.…”