Biomarkers used in Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Mahaman, Yacoubou Abdoul Razak; Embaye, Kidane Siele; Huang, Fang; Li, Longfei; Zhu, Feiqi; Wang, Jian‐Zhi; Liu, Rong; Feng, Jun; Wang, Xiaochuan

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101544

Cited by 73 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 406 publications

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“…Mitochondrial fission is required for mitophagy and mitochondrial transport, while fusion prevents mitochondria from undergoing mitophagy by replenishing mitochondrial DNA and promoting biolipid exchange (Wolf et al, 2020 ). Mitochondria fission is a basic and vital process via programmed and sequential membrane movement that (Mahaman et al, 2022 ) involves healthy mitochondria fragments for growing physiological requirements; (2020) aged or damaged mitochondria divided into healthy mitochondria for recycling and pre-degraded mitochondria for clearance (Wolf et al, 2020 ; Luan et al, 2021 ). Impaired mitochondrial dynamics is widely established in AD model mice and cells, as well as AD individuals (Manczak et al, 2011 ; Reddy et al, 2011 , 2018 ; Manczak and Reddy, 2012a ; Zhu et al, 2013 ; Kandimalla et al, 2021 ), as determined by the lower expression of mitochondrial fission genes ( DRP1 and FIS1 ) and higher phosphorylation level of dynamin-related protein1 (DRP1), leading to reductive mitochondria fragmentation and neuronal energy dysfunction (Reddy et al, 2011 ; Manczak and Reddy, 2012a ; Misrani et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021a ; Dhapola et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Apoe4 and Mitophagy-specific Processes In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common and well-known form of dementia and features age-related and progressive recognition impairment, memory loss, and learning failure, accompanied by encephalatrophy, and extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau (Mahaman et al, 2022 ). Since the global aged tendency of the population has a dramatic impact on an individual and family development, and social healthcare costs throughout the world, AD with widespread prevalence has become an increasingly challenging task for elderly care, public health, and all the human beings ( 2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures , 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of ApoE4 Interference Targeting Mitophagy Molecular Pathways for Alzheimer's Disease

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major worldwide causes of dementia that is characterized by irreversible decline in learning, memory loss, and behavioral impairments. Mitophagy is selective autophagy through the clearance of aberrant mitochondria, specifically for degradation to maintain energy generation and neuronal and synaptic function in the brain. Accumulating evidence shows that defective mitophagy is believed to be as one of the early and prominent features in AD pathogenesis and has drawn attention in the recent few years. APOE ε4 allele is the greatest genetic determinant for AD and is widely reported to mediate detrimental effects on mitochondria function and mitophagic process. Given the continuity of the physiological process, this review takes the mitochondrial dynamic and mitophagic core events into consideration, which highlights the current knowledge about the molecular alterations from an APOE-genotype perspective, synthesizes ApoE4-associated regulations, and the cross-talk between these signaling, along with the focuses on general autophagic process and several pivotal processes of mitophagy, including mitochondrial dynamic (DRP1, MFN-1), mitophagic induction (PINK1, Parkin). These may shed new light on the link between ApoE4 and AD and provide novel insights for promising mitophagy-targeted therapeutic strategies for AD.

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Section: Apoe4 and Mitophagy-specific Processes In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of ApoE4 Interference Targeting Mitophagy Molecular Pathways for Alzheimer's Disease

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Currently, the amyloid-based PrecivityAD™ test is the only recently approved blood test for AD, although phosphorylated tau tests are also promising [ 7 ]. However, limitations related to specificity, accuracy, counseling, and interpretation still exist, and solutions based on the combination of several biomarkers belonging to different categories in a single test could strengthen the results [ 7 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Although extensive research has been conducted, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the main emerging blood-based AD biomarker candidates is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Progression: An Overview

Varesi

Carrara

Pires

et al. 2022

Cells

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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle accumulation in the brain. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the complex and interconnected pathophysiology of AD, clinical trial failure rates have been high, and no disease-modifying therapies are presently available. Fluid biomarker discovery for AD is a rapidly expanding field of research aimed at anticipating disease diagnosis and following disease progression over time. Currently, Aβ1–42, phosphorylated tau, and total tau levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are the best-studied fluid biomarkers for AD, but the need for novel, cheap, less-invasive, easily detectable, and more-accessible markers has recently led to the search for new blood-based molecules. However, despite considerable research activity, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the main blood-based biomarker candidates is still lacking. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of proteins, lipids, metabolites, oxidative-stress-related molecules, and cytokines as possible disease biomarkers. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of the emerging miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as diagnostic tools, and we briefly present the role of vitamins and gut-microbiome-related molecules as novel candidates for AD detection and monitoring, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and progression of this devastating disease.

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“…The role of theranostic biomarkers is not limited to cancer, and it has also been explored in other chronic diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and hepatitis, among others. Thus, Mahaman et al [ 6 ] reviewed several biomarkers that can be used for the accurate and the early diagnosis of AD, yielding in the development of targeted treatments. Portelius et al [ 7 ] investigated the performance of truncated amyloid-β (Aβ) isoforms as theragnostic markers for AD, and they supported their use for developing potential treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Machine Learning to Detect Theranostic Biomarkers Predicting Respiratory Treatment Response

Nikolaou

Massaro

Fakhimi

et al. 2022

Life

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Background: Theranostic approaches—the use of diagnostics for developing targeted therapies—are gaining popularity in the field of precision medicine. They are predominately used in cancer research, whereas there is little evidence of their use in respiratory medicine. This study aims to detect theranostic biomarkers associated with respiratory-treatment responses. This will advance theory and practice on the use of biomarkers in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases and contribute to developing targeted treatments. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis on a sample of 13,102 adults from the UK household longitudinal study ‘Understanding Society’. We used recursive feature selection to identify 16 biomarkers associated with respiratory treatment responses. We then implemented several machine learning algorithms using the identified biomarkers as well as age, sex, body mass index, and lung function to predict treatment response. Results: Our analysis shows that subjects with increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, glycated haemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, c-reactive protein, triglycerides, hemoglobin, and Clauss fibrinogen are more likely to receive respiratory treatments, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and lung function. Conclusions: These findings offer a valuable blueprint on why and how the use of biomarkers as diagnostic tools can prove beneficial in guiding treatment management in respiratory diseases.

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Biomarkers used in Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Cited by 73 publications

References 406 publications

A Review of ApoE4 Interference Targeting Mitophagy Molecular Pathways for Alzheimer's Disease

A Review of ApoE4 Interference Targeting Mitophagy Molecular Pathways for Alzheimer's Disease

Blood-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Progression: An Overview

Using Machine Learning to Detect Theranostic Biomarkers Predicting Respiratory Treatment Response

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