Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development—Iodine Review

Abstract

The objective of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is to provide state-of-the-art information and service with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect. Specifically, the BOND project seeks to develop consensus on accurate assessment methodologies that are applicable to researchers (laboratory/clinical/surveillance), clinicians, programmers, and policy makers (data consumers). The BOND project is also intended to develop targeted research agendas to support the discovery and development of biomarkers through improved understanding of nutrient biology within relevant biologic systems. In phase I of the BOND project, 6 nutrients (iodine, vitamin A, iron, zinc, folate, and vitamin B-12) were selected for their high public health importance because they typify the challenges faced by users in the selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers. For each nutrient, an expert panel was constituted and charged with the development of a comprehensive review covering the respective nutrient's biology, existing biomarkers, and specific issues of use with particular reference to the needs of the individual user groups. In addition to the publication of these reviews, materials from each will be extracted to support the BOND interactive Web site (http://www.nichd.nih.gov/global_nutrition/programs/bond/pages/index.aspx). This review represents the first in the series of reviews and covers all relevant aspects of iodine biology and biomarkers. The article is organized to provide the reader with a full appreciation of iodine's background history as a public health issue, its biology, and an overview of available biomarkers and specific considerations for the use and interpretation of iodine biomarkers across a range of clinical and population-based uses. The review also includes a detailed research agenda to address priority gaps in our understanding of iodine biology and assessment.

Progress and challenges in eliminating iodine deficiency in Ethiopia: a systematic review

“…Because of high diurnal and inter day variation in individuals, the use of UIC as a marker for assessing individual status is limited, particularly in the absence of accurate assessment of intake. Although these variations level out when used in large population samples, they do not provide direct information about thyroid function [46]. In utilizing GR, inspection and palpation have traditionally been used to classify goiter.…”

“…must be considered [24,45]. Notably, cassava, which plays a dominant role in feeding many people in most tropical developing countries, contains cyanogenic glucosude, a goitrogen that inhibits iodine uptake by the thyroid gland during consumption of unprocessed cassava [46]. The prevalence of IDD in many parts of SNNPR, BenshangulGumuz and some parts of western Oromia region where cassava is a staple food suggests that in these regions the disease may aggravated by diet.…”

Role of Micro-And Macro-Nutrients in Obesity Onset

“…Additional examples of the importance of micronutrients are provided by the importance of selenium and glutathione levels as antioxidants [15], iron as an anti-anemic agent [7,8], and iodine for thyroid hormone synthesis and control of basal metabolism [16], just to name a few others.…”

Iodine Deficiency in Latvia: Current Status and Need for National Recommendations

“…The term IDD is used to describe the consequences of iodine deficiency in a popula- Fruits and berries 2 * Content may vary according to the geographical area and the iodine content of the soil tion; this deficiency may be prevented by ensuring adequate iodine intake (Anonymous, 2008;Rohner et al, 2014). In the adult population, iodine deficiency is associated with an increased rate of goiter, hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism, and diminished working ability and productivity.…”