Biomarkers of Nutrition and Health: New Tools for New Approaches

Picó, Catalina; Serra, Francisca; Rodríguez, Ana; Keijer, Jaap

doi:10.3390/nu11051092

Cited by 165 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 238 publications

(257 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

118

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A more innovative transcriptomic tool is RNA sequencing (RNAseq), which is emerging as an alternative to DNA microarray. Indeed, RNAseq experiments are more informative, as they can cover a larger spectrum of RNAs compared to microarrays, also detecting very low expressed RNAs [30].…”

Section: Methodsological Approaches To Nutritional Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, nutritional biomarkers could be indicators of pathophysiological status. Well-established examples are the plasma levels of fasting glucose, associated with diabetes, or the plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, linked with cardiovascular disorders [30]. In the case of NAFLD, a potential nutritional biomarker could be the serum levels of saturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Methodsological Approaches To Nutritional Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of NAFLD, a potential nutritional biomarker could be the serum levels of saturated fatty acids. Together with transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and lipidomic biomarkers, epigenetic modifications can be implemented as nutritional biomarkers as well [30]. Indeed, DNA methylation, miRNAs or long-chain non-coding RNAs, modulated by dietary patterns, have emerged as mRNA transcription regulators of pivotal importance in pathophysiological processes [30], as precisely summarized in the following sections.…”

Section: Methodsological Approaches To Nutritional Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an intriguing study, Santoro et al revealed the presence of an interaction between PNPLA3 rs738409 variant and the dietary ratio of omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on hepatic fat content and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in 127 pediatric NAFLD patients of various ethnicities (58 Caucasians,30 African-Americans and 39 Hispanics) [53]. Patients homozygous for the minor G allele ameliorated steatosis and liver enzymes after omega-3 consumption, due to the inhibition of hydrolyzing n-9 fatty acids in presence of the p.I148M variant.…”

Section: Pnpla3: An Appealing Genetic Sensor Of Dietary Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Nutrition and Genetics in NAFLD: The Perfect Binomium

Meroni

Longo

Rustichelli

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global healthcare burden since it is epidemiologically related to obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). It embraces a wide spectrum of hepatic injuries, which include simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The susceptibility to develop NAFLD is highly variable and it is influenced by several cues including environmental (i.e., dietary habits and physical activity) and inherited (i.e., genetic/epigenetic) risk factors. Nonetheless, even intestinal microbiota and its by-products play a crucial role in NAFLD pathophysiology. The interaction of dietary exposure with the genome is referred to as 'nutritional genomics,' which encompasses both 'nutrigenetics' and 'nutriepigenomics.' It is focused on revealing the biological mechanisms that entail both the acute and persistent genome-nutrient interactions that influence health and it may represent a promising field of study to improve both clinical and health nutrition practices. Thus, the premise of this review is to discuss the relevance of personalized nutritional advices as a novel therapeutic approach in NAFLD tailored management.

show abstract

Section: Methodsological Approaches To Nutritional Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsological Approaches To Nutritional Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsological Approaches To Nutritional Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pnpla3: An Appealing Genetic Sensor Of Dietary Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nutrition and Genetics in NAFLD: The Perfect Binomium

Meroni

Longo

Rustichelli

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In our study, we used genetic proxies for serum folate level. Circulating biomarkers provide a more proximal measure of nutrition status and is more objectively measured[61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mendelian randomisation study exploring the associations of serum folate with pan and site-specific cancers

Burrows¹,

Kazmi²,

Haycock³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Epidemiological studies report evidence for an association between folate, an essential B vitamin, and the risk of several common cancers. However, both protective and harmful effects have been reported, and effects may differ by cancer site. These associations suggest that modulating dietary folate, or its synthetic form folic acid, could be used to modify population-wide cancer risk. However, observational studies are liable to biases, including residual confounding and reverse causation, thus limiting causal inference. Using Mendelian randomisation (MR), we investigated the causal relationships of genetically determined serum folate with pan-cancer risk (all cancers excluding non-melanoma skin cancers); breast, prostate, ovarian, lung, and colorectal cancers; and malignant melanoma. Methods:Using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data, we identified genetic instruments to proxy serum folate levels and analysed these using GWAS summary statistics of risk of pan-cancer and six site-specific cancers available from large consortia and the population-based cohort study UK Biobank (UKBB) within a two-sample Mendelian randomisation framework. We conducted MR using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and the likelihood-based approach. We performed sensitivity analyses to assess potential violations of MR assumptions. Results:We identified three SNPs (rs1801133, rs1999594, rs7545014) robustly associated with serum folate in a healthy, young adult Irish population using publicly available GWAS summary data. There was little evidence that genetically increased serum folate was associated with risk of pan-cancer or six site-specific cancers. Meta-analysis showed odds ratios (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in log10 serum folate of 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.78-1.07) for breast cancer, 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.71-1.06) for prostate cancer, 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.61-1.25) for ovarian cancer, 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.57-1.34) for lung cancer, and 1.26 (95% confidence interval 0.84-1.88) for colorectal cancer. ORs for pan-cancers and malignant melanoma in UKBB were 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.71-1.03) and 0.57 (95% confidence interval 0.30-1.10) respectively. The results were powered to detect modest effect sizes (>80% power [α=0.05] to detect ORs 1.1 (or its inverse 0.9) for the cancer GWAS consortia) and were consistent between the two statistical approaches used (IVW and likelihood-based). Conclusions:There is little evidence that genetically increased serum folate may affect the risk of pan-cancer and six site-specific cancers. However, we may still be underpowered to detect clinically relevant but smaller magnitude effects. Our results provide some evidence that increasing levels of circulating folate through widespread supplementation or deregulation of fortification of foods with folic acid is unlikely to lead to moderate unintended population-wide increase in cancer risk.

show abstract