Biomarkers of liver-cancer discovered from the male patients crude serum without depletion of high abundance proteins

Abstract

High abundance proteins (HAP) were often removed from crude serum sample when finding biomarkers of diagnosing cancers, however, it will surely filtrate many potential biomarkers bound to HAP. In order to enable the detection of these potential biomarkers, saving the HAP will be of great significance for finding more biomarkers. Here, a serum proteomics technology was developed for finding biomarkers of liver-cancer from crude human serum without depletion of HAP. The crude human serum (CHS) was dispersed in a lysis buffer that has capacities for improving the protein resolution, and then separated with two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) for proteomic analysis. The differentially expressed proteins from Crude male serum (CMS) compared to crude serum of male patient with liver cancer (LCMPCS) were found and identified by a combined off-line approach of 2D-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Approximately 800 protein spots on a 2D-PAGE gel were detected by Melanie 4 software from samples both CMS and LCMPCS in the present of the lysis buffer. Significantly different expression of 24 proteins were detected in the LCMPCS compared to that in the CMS. Among these proteins, fifty were found up-regulated and eleven were found down-regulated. Most of these differently regulated proteins were identified by PMF and database search. These differential expression proteins were reported participating in some key pathway or biology process in cancer cells, indicating that they may present a biomarkers profile and may be helpful for liver-cancer diagnosis.

Impact Effect of Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether “Twelve Months Vapor Inhalation Study in Rats”

“…They suggested that at exposure to high doses of MTBE, kidney toxicity evolved into nephrocarcinogenesis, suggesting the related role of alpha-2 microglobulin as a biomarker. Luo et al [10] found some potential cancer biomarkers for MTBE-induced liver cancer; these biomarkers were separated from 800 protein spots on a 2D-PAGE gel from human sera. Moreover, lymphoimmunoblastic lymphoma in the lungs, leukemias, astrocytomas, and Leydig cell adenomas were described in rats exposed to MTBE [6].…”

“…With respect to developing cancer biomarkers, Lou et al [10] recognized an exceptional metabolic biomarker, N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in patients with lung cancer, which is present in inconspicuous levels in normal lung cells. Lou et al [10] developed a sensitive NAA blood assay and found that elevated levels of NAA were detected in the blood, where it was detected as a metabolite in patients with lung cancer in comparison with the levels in age-matched healthy controls. Other studies indicated a close relationship between MTBE and malignancies in laboratory animals [16].…”