Biomarkers of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy: a systematic review

Abstract

Background Current diagnostic criteria for hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy in the early hours lack objective measurement tools. Therefore, this systematic review aims to identify putative molecules that can be used in diagnosis in daily clinical practice (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021272610). Data sources Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases until November 2020. English original papers analyzing samples from newborns > 36 weeks that met at least two American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists diagnostic criteria and/or imaging evidence of cerebral damage were included. Bias was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The search and data extraction were verified by two authors separately. Results From 373 papers, 30 met the inclusion criteria. Data from samples collected in the first 72 hours were extracted, and increased serum levels of neuron-specific enolase and S100-calcium-binding protein-B were associated with a worse prognosis in newborns that suffered an episode of perinatal asphyxia. In addition, the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase isozyme-L1, glutamic pyruvic transaminase-2, lactate, and glucose were elevated in newborns diagnosed with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. Moreover, pathway analysis revealed insulin-like growth factor signaling and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism to be involved in the early molecular response to insult. Conclusions Neuron-specific enolase and S100-calcium-binding protein-B are potential biomarkers, since they are correlated with an unfavorable outcome of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy newborns. However, more studies are required to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this approach to be validated for clinical practice.

The association between plasma IgG N-glycosylation and neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy: a case-control study

“…Numerous plasma biomarkers have been investigated to monitor the clinical progression of HIE ( Caramelo et al, 2023 ). Currently, the IgG N-glycan assay offers a new diagnostic approach for inflammatory and immune diseases.…”

Prevenção E Manejo Do Rn Asfixiado: Revisão De Literatura

“…Atualmente, a HT é o tratamento padrão para casos moderados a graves de EHI, consistindo no resfriamento da temperatura corporal total do recém-nascido (mantendo-a entre 32°C e 34°C) ou seletivamente da cabeça por até 72 horas. Esta abordagem visa retardar a taxa metabólica e o acúmulo de citocinas inflamatórias, diminuindo a ativação de vias intracelulares que levam à morte celular programada (Figueiredo et al, 2021;Caramelo et al, 2023;Puga et al, 2023).…”

Correlation of sLOX-1 and CSF1 with the pathological progression of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonatal rats

“…Recent evidence has shown that serum biomarkers like calcium-binding protein B can indicate early-stage HIE and are related to the onset and development of brain injury (6). In addition, soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) can reflect the body's vascular endothelial injury and inflammatory reaction to a certain extent and is a biomarker for a variety of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases such as acute coronary syndrome and acute cerebral infarction; however, its relationship with hypoxia and ischemia-induced HIE remains unclear (7,8).…”