Biomarkers of heat stress and mechanism of heat stress response in Avian species: Current insights and future perspectives from poultry science

An evaluation of the thermoregulatory potential of in ovo delivered bioactive substances (probiotic, folic acid, and essential oil) in broiler chickens

“…More studies are thus needed to optimize EO dosages under varying conditions in order to guarantee improved hatchability. The hatchability outcomes reported in this study are consistent with our previous report for the same in ovo delivered bioactive substances ( Oladokun et al, 2021a , b ; Oladokun and Adewole, 2022a ). Our laboratory has successfully validated the procedure for the in ovo delivery of probiotics ( Bacillus subtilis ), recording ∼91 and ∼96% hatchability rates in 2 different experiments ( Oladokun et al, 2021a ; Oladokun and Adewole, 2022b ).…”

“…By utilizing a nutrigenomic approach, this study investigated the HS mitigating potential of 3 distinct in ovo delivered bioactive substances (probiotics, FA, and EO) optimized from previous independent studies ( Oladokun et al, 2021a , b ; Oladokun and Adewole, 2022 a). Data from this study provide preliminary evidence suggesting that the in ovo delivery of EO reduces hatchability.…”

“…Heat stress ( HS ) has been defined as “a continuous adaptive response to thermal perturbations outside the thermal comfort zone of a bird” ( Oladokun and Adewole, 2022a ). At temperatures outside this thermal comfort zone (18–25°C), HS has been shown to have adverse effects on poultry wellbeing.…”

“…The in ovo route may thus guarantee the efficacy of these bioactive substances against HS. Using several independent studies, our laboratory has been able to report that in ovo delivery of Bacillus subtilis enhanced the intestinal morphology and immune status in broiler chickens without compromising hatch and gut homeostasis under thermoneutral conditions ( Oladokun et al, 2021a ; Oladokun and Adewole, 2022a ). Similarly, our previous study also validated that successive delivery of a blend of essential oils via the in ovo and in-water route improves broiler chicken's antioxidant status and blood biochemical profile with no adverse effect on growth performance ( Oladokun et al, 2021b ).…”

Uncovering Changes in Microbiome Profiles Across Commercial and Backyard Poultry Farming Systems

“…This includes shifts in major phyla present as well as particular genera associated with health outcomes (Biasato et al, 2019a; Biasato et al, 2019b). Recent studies have reported various changes, such as an increase in Proteobacteria when chickens were exposed to heat stress compared to cooler conditions (Oladokun & Adewole, 2022) or changes in Firmicutes abundance induced by animal genetics or rearing practices under commercial conditions (Awad et al, 2016; Pandit et al, 2018; Tan et al, 2019). Overall, it is clear that poultry gut microbiomes undergo dynamic alterations over time which can be impacted by a variety of internal and external influences.…”