Biomarkers of environmental toxicity and susceptibility in autism

Geier, David A.; Kern, Janet K.; Garver, Carolyn R.; Adams, James B.; Audhya, Tapan; Nataf, Robert; Geier, Mark R.

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2008.08.021

Cited by 162 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…A recent study of biomarkers for 28 individuals with an ASD diagnosis showed reduced glutathione, cysteine, and sulfate compared to controls, and the authors proposed that a reduced detoxification capacity might impede mercury excretion [19]. These same authors observed a marked reduction in serum sulfate in association with ASD in another paper [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Seneff

Davidson²,

Liu

2012

Entropy

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Autism is a condition characterized by impaired cognitive and social skills, associated with compromised immune function. The incidence is alarmingly on the rise, and environmental factors are increasingly suspected to play a role. This paper investigates word frequency patterns in the U.S. CDC Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database. Our results provide strong evidence supporting a link between autism and the aluminum in vaccines. A literature review showing toxicity of aluminum in human physiology offers further support. Mentions of autism in VAERS increased steadily at the end of the last century, during a period when mercury was being phased out, while aluminum adjuvant burden was being increased. Using standard log-likelihood ratio techniques, we identify several signs and symptoms that are significantly more prevalent in vaccine reports after 2000, including cellulitis, seizure, depression, fatigue, pain and death, which are also significantly associated with aluminum-containing vaccines. We propose that children with the autism diagnosis are especially vulnerable to toxic metals such as aluminum and mercury due to insufficient serum sulfate and glutathione. A strong correlation between autism and the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine is also observed, which may be partially explained via an increased sensitivity to acetaminophen administered to control fever.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Seneff

Davidson²,

Liu

2012

Entropy

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“…The levels of reduced GSH were decreased in the plasma of autistic subjects (James et al, 2004;Geier and Geier, 2006b;Geier et al, 2009), in contrast to those of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) that were increased. GSH plays a major role in methylation, a process that is intimately involved in detoxification.…”

Section: Toxicologicmentioning

confidence: 92%

Theoretical aspects of autism: biomarkers—a review

Ratajczak¹

2011

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…Porphyrinuria is not only a biomarker of Hg damage but also a concomitant biological occurrence in ASD (Austin and Shandley 2008;Garrecht and Austin 2011). In addition, children with increasingly severe ASD measured by CARS scores correlated with increasing levels of urinary porphyrins associated with Hg body burden (Geier et al 2009a, b).…”

Section: Mercury and Asdsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In particular, several lines of research have shown that autistic children display a higher body burden of toxic metals compared to neurotypical controls (Adams et al 2009;Elsheshtawy et al 2011;Lakshmi Priya and Geetha 2011). In addition, the impact of heavy metals seems to be more evident in subjects with moderate or severe ASD in comparison to subjects with mild ASD (Geier et al 2009a(Geier et al , b, 2012. Generally, heavy metals are measured in blood, urine, hair, and nails, while recently, a few studies examined biomarkers in teeth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Heavy Metal Pollution in Neurobehavioral Disorders: a Focus on Autism

Gorini

Muratori

Morales

2014

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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An increasing evidence supports the role of industrial chemicals as contributors to the development of neurobehavioral disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, whose prevalence has progressively increased in recent years. Heavy metals, in particular, are recognized as neurodevelopmental toxins since they can be responsible of fetal damages which lead to neurological defects, developmental delays, learning disabilities and behavioral abnormalities. Most of the reviewed studies reported a relationship between exposure to metals during perinatal and early childhood periods and increased risk for autism. Moreover, the effects resulting from co-exposure to multiple metals should not be underestimated, especially in the assessment of children who live in developing countries or near heavily contaminated sites.

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Biomarkers of environmental toxicity and susceptibility in autism

Cited by 162 publications

References 65 publications

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Theoretical aspects of autism: biomarkers—a review

The Role of Heavy Metal Pollution in Neurobehavioral Disorders: a Focus on Autism

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