Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination

McCarthy, John F.; Shugart, Lee R.

doi:10.1201/9781351070263

Cited by 129 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Regarding anurans, the use of toxicity tests as an ecotoxicological tool has spread as a water quality validation tool. In this sense, ecotoxicology provides tools to assess the effects of pollutants and to inform decision‐making for environmental protection and management by toxicity tests (bioassays) to evaluate effects at the individual and subindividual levels (McCarthy and Shugart 1990; Forbes et al 2006). Another interesting approach is to consider anuran sensitivities to a particular contaminant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Boana pulchella (Anura: Hylidae) Tadpoles to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos: Effects at the Individual and Biochemical Levels

Barreto

Costa

Demetrio

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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We report sublethal effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of chlorpyrifos at the individual (swimming alterations) and biochemical (esterase activities and antioxidant enzymes) levels in the Montevideo tree frog Boana pulchella larvae. The 50% lethal concentration at 96 h (LC50‐96h) for chlorpyrifos in stage‐29 B. pulchella tadpoles was 0.98 mg/L, which was close to the 65th percentile of published anuran species sensitivity. In B. pulchella, chlorpyrifos disrupted biochemical processes: tadpoles showed a significant inhibition of esterase activity and a significant induction of antioxidant enzymes, indicating a response to an environmental challenge causing oxidative stress. Using principal components analysis, we could associate chlorpyrifos reduction in esterase activity with swimming alterations at 0.5 mg/L of the toxicant. The biochemical biomarkers reported in the present study respond at levels 20 times lower than the LC50‐96h and were associated with a biologically important response—swimming behavior. The link of responses across different levels of biological organization was demonstrated. The species is suitable as a model for ecotoxicological studies at different levels, including the individual and biochemical levels, and may be considered a good reference organism in environmental control programs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:834–841. © 2020 SETAC

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Boana pulchella (Anura: Hylidae) Tadpoles to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos: Effects at the Individual and Biochemical Levels

Barreto

Costa

Demetrio

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The biological markers from molecular to individual levels have been proposed as sensitive and integrative earlywarning tools to establish cause-effect relationships between contamination sources and health impairments in wildlife (Oost et al 2003). However, beyond the diagnostic of effects on the health of individuals, it is more important to understand how these sub-individual effects translate into individual and population fitness, particularly in functionally important species, in order to promote predictive and also ecological relevance of these indicators (McCarthy and Shugart 1990;Baird et al 2007;Jha 2008). In this way, the study of pollutant effects on the reproduction process and particularly through direct or indirect impairments of gonadal functions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment of sperm quality in palaemonid prawns using Comet assay: methodological optimization

Erraud

Bonnard

Duflot

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The aim of this study was to adapt the Comet assay in spermatozoa of the marine prawn Palaemon serratus to use it as a marker of sperm quality. Indeed, due to the characteristics of their spermatozoa, the measurement of DNA integrity is one of the few markers which can be transferred to crustaceans to assess the quality of their semen. In the first step, the methods of collecting and maintaining spermatozoa were optimized. Cell survival was estimated during kinetics of preservation (i.e. 1, 2, 4 and 8 h) in various suspension media to define artificial seawater (ASW) as optimal. Several methods in the releasing of spermatozoa from the spermatophore of prawns were estimated with regard to their incidence both on the efficiency of extraction and the survival of cells. Pipetting up and down turned out to be the most successful and the least invasive technique. Secondly, the transfer of Comet assay was optimized by studying various times in both cell lysis (i.e. 1, 6, 18 h) and DNA denaturation (i.e. 15, 30 and 45 min), after in vitro exposure of spermatozoa to an H2O2 gradient as model genotoxicant. Results revealed that a minimum of 1 h in cell lysis and 15 min of DNA denaturation were sufficient to obtain valuable results, linked with a low compaction of DNA in spermatozoa of Palaemon sp. Finally, the sensitivity of P. serratus spermatozoa was assessed after in vitro exposures to model genotoxicants displaying various modes of interaction with DNA (i.e. UV-C, 13.3-79.5 J m; HO, 5-10 μM and MMS, 0.5-5 mM) and some environmental contaminants known or suspected to be genotoxic (i.e. cadmium and diuron, 0.015-1.5 μg L; carbamazepine, 0.1-10 μg L) for invertebrates. The low variability of the baseline level of DNA strand breaks recorded in controls highlighted the robustness of the method. P. serratus spermatozoa displayed significant DNA damage from the lowest doses tested for all model genotoxicants, but conversely, no genotoxic effect of tested environmental contaminants was observed. These results, which are discussed according to the protocol tested in the present study and the comparison with literature data, could suggest a difference in the response or sensitivity of spermatozoa to environmental genotoxicity between invertebrate species, and therefore the interest of Palaemonidae prawns in ecogenotoxicology. In conclusion, the present study underlines the potential of the Comet assay as a marker to assess the contamination impact on the sperm quality in Palaemonidae prawns in view to a potential application for in situ biomonitoring surveys.

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“…(Omogoriola and Ayoola, 2017). Fish may accumulate metals in their tissues (McCarthy and Shugart, 1990), this accumulation is varies from metal to metal, and it is also species and organ depending of aquatic organisms (Mirzaei et al, 2007). The accumulation process is going to the gill, intestine, or skin to the circulatory system and then proceeds to the organs of detoxification (kidney, liver, and spleen,) either for long-term storage or excretion ).…”

Section: Research Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals concentration and histopathological profile of some commercial fish species at Makoko Slum Neighbourhood Environment, Lagos, Nigeria

Ayoola

2019

Aceh J. Anim. Sci.

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Potentially harmful substances such as pesticides, heavy metals, and hydro chemicals are often released into the aquatic environment. The objective of the present study was to assess the concentration of lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in water samples from two different points (Mid-stream and downstream), also determine the levelsof Lead, Zinc, Manganese and copper in four commercially important fish species, Pseudotolithus senegalensis (croaker fish) and Ethmalosa fimbriata (bonga), Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia fish) and Bagrus bayad (silver catfish) from Makoko water body, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Histopathological profile of the fish species selected was also examined. The results were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limit.The concentrations of the heavy metals were analyzed using Perkin Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Pseudotholithus senegalensishad 3.01±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 3.48±0.01, 1.04±0.10 mg kg-1as the mean concentration of lead, zinc, manganese, and copper respectively, while E. fimbriatahad 1.06±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 4.14±0.01, 1.04±0.10 mg kg-1,O. mossambicushad 2.09±0.02, 3.11±0.04, 2.48±0.02, 0.62±0.01 mg kg-1and B. bayadhad 1.53±0.12, 3.61±0.05, 2.44±0.03, 0.66±0.01 mg kg-1 as the mean concentration of these metals in the tissues of these fishes. The concentrations of heavy metals were higher in the gills compared to other organs. The mean concentration of each heavy metal were varied significantly (p0.05) depending on the species of fish. In the histological analysis of the tissues, there was vacuolation of hepatocytes, inflammation, and necrosis. In the muscle, there was a mild lesion, necrosis, inflammation, and cellular degenerations. But the level of tissue and organ degeneration is more severe in the gills. The study showed that some levels of these metals were within the permissible recommended allowed limit for human consumption. It is concluded that Makoko Lagoon water body and fishes are heavily contaminated with heavy metals.

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Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination

Cited by 129 publications

References 0 publications

Sensitivity of Boana pulchella (Anura: Hylidae) Tadpoles to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos: Effects at the Individual and Biochemical Levels

Sensitivity of Boana pulchella (Anura: Hylidae) Tadpoles to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos: Effects at the Individual and Biochemical Levels

Assessment of sperm quality in palaemonid prawns using Comet assay: methodological optimization

Heavy metals concentration and histopathological profile of some commercial fish species at Makoko Slum Neighbourhood Environment, Lagos, Nigeria

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