Biomarkers of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use

Goniewicz, Maciej Ł.

doi:10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100077

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(96 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has also been proposed that research can bio-verify urine using acrylonitrile metabolite 2CyEMA, and when TSNAs are not the focus, NNAL, to identify combustible tobacco use. 64 These methods may be more appropriate to capture occasional smoking, as the short half-life of CO means that it can only detect recent smoking. Cross-sectional research requires robust definitions of vaping, smoking, and nonuse and to consider the half-lives of biomarkers in these definitions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exposure to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Among People Who Vape, Smoke, or do Neither: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Taylor,

Simonavičius,

McNeill

et al. 2023

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Smoking exposes people to high levels of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (TSNAs), which include potent carcinogens. We systematically reviewed TSNA exposure between people smoking, vaping and doing neither. Methods Databases were searched between August 2017-March 2022, using vaping related terms. Peer-reviewed articles reporting TSNA metabolites (NNAL,NNN,NAB,NAT) levels in bio-samples among adults exclusively vaping, exclusively smoking, or doing neither were included. Where possible, meta-analyses were conducted. Results Of 12,781 identified studies, 22 were included. TSNA levels fell substantially when people who smoke switched to vaping in longitudinal studies and were lower among people who vaped compared to smoked in cross-sectional studies. Levels of TSNAs were similar when comparing people who switched from smoking to vaping, to those who switched to no use of nicotine products, in longitudinal studies. Levels were higher among people who vaped compared to people who neither vaped nor smoked in cross-sectional studies. When comparing people who vaped to smoked: pooled urinary NNAL was 79% lower across three randomised controlled trials and 96% lower across three cross-sectional studies; pooled NAB was 87% lower and NAT 94% lower in two cross-sectional studies. When comparing people who neither vaped nor smoked to people who vaped, pooled urinary NNAL was 80%, NAB 26%, and NAT 27% lower in two cross-sectional studies. Other longitudinal data, and NNN levels could not be pooled. Conclusions Exposure to all TSNAs was lower among people who vaped compared to people who smoked. Levels were higher among people who vaped compared to people who neither vaped nor smoked.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research is also needed on other toxicant exposures, specifically exposures from any vaping-specific toxicants such as glycidol. 64 Finally, the majority of RCTs were funded by the tobacco industry, more independent research into TSNA exposure is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Among People Who Vape, Smoke, or do Neither: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Taylor,

Simonavičius,

McNeill

et al. 2023

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On one hand, similarities to combustible tobacco products in terms of consumption of nicotine via a similar route of administration makes it plausible that interventions designed for combustible products could be readily adapted for e-cigarettes. However, recent studies suggest nicotine exposure may vary for young adults who use e-cigarettes compared with combustible users [ [12] , [13] , [14] ]. Young adults who vape nicotine are also more likely than not to use other nicotine/tobacco products and/or cannabis [ 15 ], potentially complicating intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for the development of a vaping cessation intervention for young adult veterans

Doran,

Hurst,

Liu

et al. 2024

Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Vaping involves heating liquid which typically contains flavourings, propylene glycol and vegetable glycerine [7], and results in the formation of carcinogens and toxicants, including nitrosamines, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals, which are generally present at much lower levels than in smoking [12,[23][24][25]. For the general adult population, at least in the short-to medium term, biomarker research suggests that vaping poses a small fraction of the risk of smoking [12,25,26]. The most recent systematic review of studies examining evidence for the health impact of vaping in pregnancy, including 13 studies published up to February 2022, reported mixed and inconclusive findings and a call for more high-quality evidence [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping during pregnancy: a systematic review of health outcomes

Ussher,

Fleming,

Brose

2024

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Smoking during pregnancy is harmful to maternal and child health. Vaping is used for smoking cessation but evidence on health effects during pregnancy is scarce. We conducted a systematic review of health outcomes of vaping during pregnancy. Methods We searched six databases for maternal/fetal/infant outcomes and vaping, including quantitative, English language, human studies of vaping during pregnancy, to November 10th, 2023. We assessed study quality with the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. We focused on comparisons of exclusive-vaping with non-use of nicotine and tobacco products and with smoking. Presentation is narrative as the studies were of insufficient quality to conduct meta-analysis. Results We included 26 studies, with 765,527 women, with one randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing vaping and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation, 23 cohort studies and two case–control studies. While the RCT met 4/5 quality criteria, the quality of the cohort studies and case–control studies was poor; none adequately assessed exposure to smoking and vaping. For studies comparing exclusive-vaping with ‘non-use’, more reported no increased risk for vaping (three studies) than reported increased risk for maternal pregnancy/postpartum outcomes (one study) and for fetal and infant outcomes (20 studies no increased risk, four increased risk), except for birth-weight and neurological outcomes where two studies each observed increased and no increased risk. When the RCT compared non-users with those not smoking but vaping or using NRT, irrespective of randomisation, they reported no evidence of risk for vaping/NRT. For studies comparing exclusive-vaping and exclusive-smoking, most studies provided evidence for a comparable risk for different outcomes. One maternal biomarker study revealed a lower risk for vaping. For small-for-gestational-age/mean-birth-centile equal numbers of studies found lower risk for vaping than for smoking as found similar risk for the two groups (two each). Conclusions While more studies found no evidence of increased risk of exclusive-vaping compared with non-use and evidence of comparable risk for exclusive-vaping and exclusive-smoking, the quality of the evidence limits conclusions. Without adequate assessment of exposure to vaping and smoking, findings cannot be attributed to behaviour as many who vape will have smoked and many who vape may do so at low levels. Study registration https://osf.io/rfx4q/.

show abstract

Biomarkers of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Exposure to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Among People Who Vape, Smoke, or do Neither: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Exposure to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Among People Who Vape, Smoke, or do Neither: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Protocol for the development of a vaping cessation intervention for young adult veterans

Vaping during pregnancy: a systematic review of health outcomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About