Biomarkers of Ectopic Pregnancy-Present and Future

Rajendiren, Soundravally; Dhiman, Pooja

doi:10.5772/58954

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…These include markers associated with implantation and those linked to the embryo. [8] Soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) is the soluble variant of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1. sFLT-1 ensnares VEGF with excessive affinity, inhibiting its mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells, and may personate an imperative part in downregulating angiogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 in ectopic pregnancy

et al. 2019

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CONTEXT: The diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy (EP) requires the usage of serial beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) measurements and ultrasonography to locate the gestational sac. With the rising trends in its incidence, a rapid, noninvasive biomarker to detect this condition at the earliest can aid in decreasing the morbidity and mortality linked with EP. AIMS: This study was performed to determine the serum level of soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) at 4–10-week gestation in EP and normal pregnancy and to identify whether it can be used as a biomarker to distinguish an EP from a normal intrauterine pregnancy. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a prospective case–control study conducted over 2 years from 2015 to 2017 in 280 women between the age groups of 19 and 38 years at a tertiary level hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Levels of sFLT-1 in sera of 140 women with EP and 140 women with normal pregnancy were assayed by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software version 16.0, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The median sFLT-1 level in EP was 419 pg/ml. This was significantly lower than the value of 898 pg/ml in normal pregnancy. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that at a cutoff of 623 pg/ml, sFLT-1 was able to distinguish an EP from a normal intrauterine pregnancy with a sensitivity of 98.6% and a specificity of 90.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed the significant early lowering of sFLT-1 in EP and may be considered as an effective biomarker compared to beta-hCG.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 in ectopic pregnancy

et al. 2019

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“…9 It is crucial to diagnose an ectopic pregnancy early, because a delay in the diagnosis may lead to the hemorrhagic maternal death and future infertility. 10 The primary aim of the modern management of ectopic pregnancy, in addition to Seyhun …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Markers in Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy

Sucu¹,

Bademkıran²,

Özcan³

et al. 2018

JCOG

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he implantation of the fertilized ovum in a region other than the uterine cavity is known as ectopic pregnancy. It is a complication observed in 1%-2% of all pregnancies.1 Despite the progress in diagnostic techniques, ectopic pregnancy remains a crucial cause of maternal morbidity and mortality throughout the world, especially in the countries where prenatal care is poor.2 More than 95% of the ectopic pregnancies are located in the tuba. 3 The etiopathogenesis of tubal ectopic pregnancy has not been clarified yet, though this condition is usually associated with tubal abnormalities and dysfunction, such as abnormal tubal-cilia activity or contractility. 4 Reactive oxygen species produced during metabolic and physiological processes occurring in the body are known as oxidants. Antioxidants play a role in reducing the harmful effects that the oxidants cause in the body. There is a delicate balance between oxidants and antioxidants inside the cells, and if this balance tips in favor of oxidants, a condition of oxidative stress occurs, which may cause cellular damage.5 Any damage that occurs in the tubas at a cellular level may predispose women to a defective tubal transport of the embryo, which is a central process in ectopic preg- , and 30 healthy women who were not pregnant (second control group). All the participants were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziantep University Medical School, Turkey. The Erel method was used to measure the total oxidant level (TOL), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI). R Re es su ul lt ts s: : TOL and OSI values were significantly higher in the patient group (p = 0.001) than in the second control group, while there was no significant difference between the patient group and the first control group. The values for TAC were significantly lower in the patient group (p = 0.001) compared to the second control group; however, there was no significant difference between the patient group and the first control group (p = 0.449). C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : The role of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of tubal ectopic pregnancy warrants more comprehensive studies in the future.

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“…It is crucial to diagnose ectopic pregnancies in the earliest possible time because this interval of suspicion but uncertainity can cause dangerous conditions such as internal bleeding and future infertility ( 6 ) . Less than 50% of tubal ectopic pregnancies could be diagnosed at the first examination of patients ( 7 , 8 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No increase in free fetal DNA level in ectopic pregnancy: A preliminary study

Karuserci

Uğur

Balat

et al. 2017

tjod

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Objective:The aim of this study was to diagnose ectopic pregnancy in the early period by measuring cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) levels in maternal blood using spectrophotometry.Materials and Methods:Thirty patients with ectopic pregnancy and 30 patients with first trimester intrauterine pregnancy were enrolled in this prospective controlled study. cffDNA levels in maternal serum were measured using spectrophotometry.Results:There were no differences between the two groups in terms of cffDNA absorbance levels.Conclusion:Spectrophotometry is not suitable for measuring cffDNA levels to diagnose ectopic pregnancies in the early period. Practical and cost-effective methods should be found or larger patient series should be investigated.

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Biomarkers of Ectopic Pregnancy-Present and Future

Cited by 5 publications

References 117 publications

Serum soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 in ectopic pregnancy

Serum soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 in ectopic pregnancy

Oxidative Stress Markers in Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy

No increase in free fetal DNA level in ectopic pregnancy: A preliminary study

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