Biomarkers of disease severity in vivax malaria

Aqeel, Sana; Naheda, Ansari; Raza, Adil; Khan, Wajihullah

doi:10.1007/s00436-021-07065-3

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It is well documented that the levels of oxidative stress increase with severity in P. vivax ( Sibmooh et al, 2004 ; Ray et al, 2016 ; Aqeel et al, 2021 ) and P. falciparum ( Das and Nanda, 1999 ; Greve et al, 2000 ; Narsaria et al, 2012 ) infections, suggesting that oxidation may contribute to the development of complications in malaria. Although specific mechanisms have not been characterized, it is possible that ROS contributes to disease severity directly through detrimental effects of oxidative stress on the tissues or indirectly through the increase in the inflammatory response ( Hemmer et al, 2005 ; Taoufiq et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and The Pathogenesis Of Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria

Vasquez

Zuniga

Rodrı́guez

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Malaria is a highly inflammatory and oxidative disease. The production of reactive oxygen species by host phagocytes is an essential component of the host response to Plasmodium infection. Moreover, host oxidative enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase, are upregulated in malaria patients. Although increased production of reactive oxygen species contributes to the clearance of the parasite, excessive amounts of these free radicals can mediate inflammation and cause extensive damage to host cells and tissues, probably contributing to severe pathologies. Plasmodium has a variety of antioxidant enzymes that allow it to survive amidst this oxidative onslaught. However, parasitic degradation of hemoglobin within the infected red blood cell generates free heme, which is released at the end of the replication cycle, further aggravating the oxidative burden on the host and possibly contributing to the severity of life-threatening malarial complications. Additionally, the highly inflammatory response to malaria contributes to exacerbate the oxidative response. In this review, we discuss host and parasite-derived sources of oxidative stress that may promote severe disease in P. falciparum infection. Therapeutics that restore and maintain oxidative balance in malaria patients may be useful in preventing lethal complications of this disease.

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Section: Oxidative Stress and The Pathogenesis Of Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria

Vasquez

Zuniga

Rodrı́guez

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Among the cross-sectional studies, consistent adherence to the checklist outcomes was observed in the studies conducted by Aqeel et al . 29 , 30 , Ayede et al 31 , Bertrand et al 20 , Bhardwaj et al 32 , Karua and Kishan 41 , Okon et al 34 , Prabhu et al 42 , and Iwalokun et al 19 . However, some studies such as Erel et al 38 , Idonije et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From thematic synthesis, the predominant theme that emerged from studies was the general consensus that malaria patients exhibited higher UA levels compared to uninfected controls 6 , 19 , 20 , 30 , 32 – 34 , 37 – 40 , 42 . This observation was further supported by narratives and discussions emphasizing the clinical implications of these elevated levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This observation was further supported by narratives and discussions emphasizing the clinical implications of these elevated levels. Furthermore, several studies emphasized an intensified theme revolving around even higher UA levels in severe malaria cases compared to non-severe ones 17 , 19 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 41 . An interesting narrative thread found in the four studies posits a direct relationship between the intensity of malaria parasitemia and rising UA levels 17 , 31 , 34 , 39 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of uric acid levels with severity of Plasmodium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kuraeiad,

Kotepui,

Masangkay

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Elevated uric acid (UA) levels have been reported in malaria patients and are particularly prominent in severe malaria cases. This study aims to synthesize the difference in UA levels between malaria patients and uninfected controls, and between patients with severe and non-severe malaria. A comprehensive literature search was carried out across databases such as Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies for inclusion. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated independently by two reviewers using the JBI critical appraisal tool for observational studies. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled effect sizes, expressed as Hedges' g, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The Hedges' g was pooled using the random-effects model. An initial search yielding a total of 1122 articles, and a final total of 19 studies being included in the review. Elevated UA levels were observed more prominently in malaria patients, especially those with severe manifestations, when compared to uninfected controls. The conducted meta-analysis demonstrated a significant elevation in UA levels in patients suffering from malaria as compared to uninfected controls (P < 0.01, Hedges’s g = 1.40, 95% CI 0.84–1.95, I2 = 95.81, 16 studies). The conducted meta-analysis demonstrated a significant elevation in UA levels in patients suffering from severe malaria as compared to non-severe malaria (P < 0.01, Hedges’s g = 3.45, 95% CI 1.06–5.83, I2 = 98.73, 6 studies). In summary, these findings provide valuable insights into the potential use of UA as a biomarker for malaria infection and determination of its severity. Further research is needed to validate these findings and to explore the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the elevation of UA levels during malaria infection.

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“…It is well documented that the oxidation of ROS and RNO in malaria state contributes to the development of complications in malaria such as cerebral malaria and acute kidney injury 11 based on the severity of the invasion of the plasmodium strain, e.g., P. falciparum and vivax strains that cause malaria in human. 4 38 Antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and glutathione enzymes are important in the defense system as they act directly on some free radicals to terminate or detoxify their actions and thus avert cell, tissue, organ, and DNA damage. SOD scavenges the superoxide radicals by converting it to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and oxygen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luffa cylindrica (Linn. M. J. Roem) Reduces Oxidative Stress In Vivo in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Albino Mice

Saliu

Akanji

Idowu

2022

Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

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Background: Malaria is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, and oxidative stress has been implicated in malaria disease. Luffa cylindrica is an ethnomedicinal plant used to treat various diseases, including malaria. The oxidative stress-reducing potential of L. cylindrica in malaria-disease state of Plasmodium berghei NK-65 parasite-infected mice was carried out in vivo. Methods: Mice were infected with P. berghei NK-65, and the effect of administration of methanolic leaves extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w) of L. cylindrica on percentage parasitemia in blood smear, antioxidant enzymes (catalase CAT, superoxide dismutase SOD, glutathione-s-transferase GST), non-enzymatic antioxidant (reduced glutathione GSH) and malondialdehyde concentration in tissues (plasma, liver, kidneys, and spleen) of mice was investigated and compared to chloroquine and artesunate as reference antimalarial drugs. Phytochemical constituents of the extract were determined by standard methods. Results: Saponins, tannins, terpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides were the phytochemical constituents identified in the extract. The extract at three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w.) investigated caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of parasite growth with over 90% reduction in parasitemia level in mice infected with the parasite. The extract also ameliorated oxidative stress in mice by significantly (p < 0.05) increasing the activities of CAT, SOD, and GST in the studied tissues of mice. The level of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress in mice, was also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by the extract. The results were comparable with chloroquine- and artesunate-treated groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that L. cylindrica is an effective therapy for treating malaria and for the management of its oxidative stress-related complications due to its antioxidant properties.

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Biomarkers of disease severity in vivax malaria

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria

Oxidative Stress and Pathogenesis in Malaria

Association of uric acid levels with severity of Plasmodium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Luffa cylindrica (Linn. M. J. Roem) Reduces Oxidative Stress In Vivo in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Albino Mice

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