Biomarkers of Coagulation, Inflammation, and Angiogenesis are Independently Associated with Preeclampsia

Abstract

Problem Although preeclampsia has been associated with inflammation, coagulation, and angiogenesis, their correlation and relative contribution are unknown. Method of Study About 114 women with preeclampsia, 31 with early onset (EOP) and 83 with late onset preeclampsia (LOP), and 100 normal pregnant controls were included. A broad panel of 32 biomarkers reflecting coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis was analyzed. Results Preeclampsia was associated with decreased antithrombin, IL‐4 and placental growth factor levels and with increased C3a, pentraxin‐3, and sFlt‐1 levels, with more marked differences in the EOP group. The Th1‐associated chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 were significantly higher in the preeclampsia and EOP group than in controls, respectively. No correlations between the biomarkers were found in preeclampsia. Multivariate logistic regression tests confirmed the results. Conclusions Cytokines, chemokines and complement activation seem to be part of a Th1‐like inflammatory reaction in preeclampsia, most pronounced in EOP, where chemokines may be more useful than cytokines as biomarkers. Biomarkers were not correlated suggesting partly independent or in time separated mechanisms.

The Placenta in Toxicology. Part II

“…Some of the inconsistencies regarding Treg cells may refer to how they were defined (Mjosberg et al 2009). Although there is disagreement on the role of Treg cells in preeclampsia, there is agreement that preeclampsia is associated with a shift of the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1 immune responses in severe preeclampsia (Boij et al 2012;Borzychowski et al 2005;Darmochwal-Kolarz et al 1999, 2002Makhseed et al 1999). In mild preeclampsia, however, it was shown that the maternal immune response is shifted toward a Type 2 immune response (Veenstra van Nieuwenhoven et al 2008).…”

Association between preeclampsia and the CXC chemokine family (Review)

“…In a previous study, the plasma levels of CXCL10 were increased in patients with preeclampsia, and the plasma levels of CXCL11 were elevated significantly in early-onset preeclampsia patients compared with control patients (P<0.05) (58).…”

Immunological interactions between mother and child during pregnancy in relation to the development of allergic diseases in the offspring

“…29 immune responses has been associated with spontaneous abortions [119,120], pre-eclampsia [121] and pre-term labour [122]. Similarly, Th17-like immunity has been associated with spontaneous abortions [123,124] and might be detrimental for the pregnancy in combination with a Th1 deviated immunity.…”