Biomarkers of CD4+ T-cell activation as risk factors for tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Chakrabarti, Lisa A.; Boucherie, Céline; Bugault, Florence; Cumont, Marie‐Christine; Roussillon, Caroline; Breton, G.; Patey, O.; Chêne, Geneviève; Richert, Laura; Lortholary, Olivier

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000000311

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In one investigation, ex vivo stimulation of PBMCs from TB‐IRIS patients with M. tuberculosis antigens led to a strong enrichment in IFN‐γ + TNF + IL‐2 − CD4 + T cells . In a recent report, higher soluble IL‐2 receptor plasma levels were associated with risk of TB‐IRIS, further supporting a role for CD4 + T‐cell activation in the development of TB‐IRIS .…”

Section: T‐cell Responses and M Tuberculosis/hiv Co‐infectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

T cells and adaptive immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans

Jasenosky

Scriba

Hanekom

et al. 2015

Immunological Reviews

291

230

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The adaptive immune response mediated by T cells is critical for control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in humans. However, the M. tuberculosis antigens and host T-cell responses that are required for an effective adaptive immune response to M. tuberculosis infection are yet to be defined. Here, we review recent findings on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to M. tuberculosis infection and examine the roles of distinct M. tuberculosis-specific T-cell subsets in control of de novo and latent M. tuberculosis infection, and in the evolution of T-cell immunity to M. tuberculosis in response to tuberculosis treatment. In addition, we discuss recent studies that elucidate aspects of M. tuberculosis-specific adaptive immunity during human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and summarize recent findings from vaccine trials that provide insight into effective adaptive immune responses to M. tuberculosis infection.

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Section: T‐cell Responses and M Tuberculosis/hiv Co‐infectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

T cells and adaptive immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans

Jasenosky

Scriba

Hanekom

et al. 2015

Immunological Reviews

291

230

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recent studies have shown an increase in effector memory CD4 + T-cell frequencies in TB-IRIS patients when compared to non-IRIS controls [29]. Moreover, elevated levels of the soluble IL-2 receptor sCD25 suggest a role for CD4 + T-cells in the pathogenesis of TB-IRIS [30]. Th17 cells produce the cytokines IL-17, IL-22 and IL-21 following stimulation with polarising cytokines IL-23, IL-1β and IL-6.…”

Section: Immunopathology Of Iris Associated With Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with pulmonary pathogens

2017

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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an exaggerated immune response to a variety of pathogens in response to antiretroviral therapy-mediated recovery of the immune system in HIV-infected patients. Although IRIS can occur in many organs, pulmonary IRIS, associated with opportunistic infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii, is particularly associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pathology of IRIS is associated with a variety of innate and adaptive immune factors, including CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, γδ T-cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, the complement system and surfactant proteins, Toll-like receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Although there are numerous reports about the immune factors involved in IRIS, the mechanisms involved in the development of pulmonary IRIS are poorly understood. Here, we propose that studies using gene-deficient murine and nonhuman primate models will help to identify the specific molecular targets associated with the development of IRIS. An improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathology of pulmonary IRIS will help to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this syndrome.

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“…IRIS is an inflammatory response in Mycobacteria /HIV co-infected individuals that develops after commencing anti-retroviral therapy (ART): concomitant with declines in HIV viral loads, there is a rapid expansion of T H cells specific to M. tuberculosis or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) 209 . Accompanying this expansion are high circulating levels T H 1- and T H 17-associated cytokines 210–212 , which contribute to progressive organ dysfunction in animal models of TB-IRIS 209 .…”

Section: Nkt Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Goldilocks model of immune symbiosis with Mycobacteria and Candida colonizers

Robinson

Huppler

2017

Cytokine

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Mycobacteria and Candida species include significant human pathogens that can cause localized or disseminated infections. Although these organisms may appear to have little in common, several shared pathways of immune recognition and response are important for both control and infection-related pathology. In this article, we compare and contrast the innate and adaptive components of the immune system that pertain to these infections in humans and animal models. We also explore a relatively new concept in the mycobacterial field: biological commensalism. Similar to the well-established model of Candida infection, Mycobacterial species colonize their human hosts in equilibrium with the immune response. Perturbations in the immune response permit the progression to pathologic disease at the expense of the host. Understanding the immune factors required to maintain commensalism may aid with the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies for both categories of pathogens.

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Biomarkers of CD4+ T-cell activation as risk factors for tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Abstract: These findings support a role for CD4 T-cell activation prior to massive inflammation in the development of TB-IRIS.

Cited by 29 publications

References 60 publications

T cells and adaptive immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans

T cells and adaptive immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with pulmonary pathogens

The Goldilocks model of immune symbiosis with Mycobacteria and Candida colonizers

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