Biomarkers of alcoholism: an updated review

Das, Subir Kumar; Dhanya, L.; Vasudevan, DM

doi:10.3109/00365513.2012.686788

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…When drinking resumes, even low levels of ethanol can lead to a rapid re-elevation [4]. CDT is the only test approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the identification of heavy alcohol use [15]. Low-sensitivity CDT is apparent in women, and occasional and young drinkers, as well as the general population.…”

Section: Glycoconjugate Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoconjugates in the detection of alcohol abuse

Waszkiewicz

Szajda

Kępka

et al. 2011

Biochemical Society Transactions

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Up to 30% of all hospital admissions and health-care costs may be attributable to alcohol abuse. Ethanol, its oxidative metabolites, acetaldehyde and ROS (reactive oxygen species), non-oxidative metabolites of alcohol [e.g. FAEEs (fatty acid ethyl esters)] and the ethanol-water competition mechanism are all involved in the deregulation of glycoconjugate (glycoprotein, glycolipid and proteoglycan) metabolic processes including biosynthesis, modification, transport, secretion, elimination and catabolism. An increasing number of new alcohol biomarkers that are the result of alcohol-induced glycoconjugate metabolic errors have appeared in the literature. Glycoconjugate-related alcohol markers are involved in, or are a product of, altered glycoconjugate metabolism, e.g. CDT (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin), SA (sialic acid), plasma SIJ (SA index of apolipoprotein J), CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), β-HEX (β-hexosaminidase), dolichol, EtG (ethyl glucuronide) etc. Laboratory tests based on changes in glycoconjugate metabolism are useful in settings where the co-operativeness of the patient is impaired (e.g. driving while intoxicated) or when a history of alcohol use is not available (e.g. after trauma). In clinical practice, glycoconjugate markers of alcohol use/abuse let us distinguish alcoholic from non-alcoholic tissue damage, having important implications for the treatment and management of diseases.

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Section: Glycoconjugate Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoconjugates in the detection of alcohol abuse

Waszkiewicz

Szajda

Kępka

et al. 2011

Biochemical Society Transactions

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“…The prevalence of hazardous drinking as measured by the AUDIT in different groups of workers has been mentioned by several authors in different countries 26−28) . The %CDT has been evaluated extensively as a marker of alcohol use and abuse 29,30) and has been observed to have high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing chronic, hazardous drinking subjects from abstainers or very light social drinkers 25,31) . However, it has been less frequently used in the workplace 32) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such circumstances led us to not use a quantity-frequency survey for detecting hazardous drinking but instead to use the total AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) score and/or %CDT. The main reasons for choosing these tools were as follows: a) several research papers have shown that the AUDIT is the most effective tool for identifying subjects with hazardous levels of drinking 23) , and b) although alcohol consumption continues to rise in most developed countries, those subject to hazardous drinking escape clinical diagnosis, so it is widely accepted that biochemical markers are useful for sensitive and effective detection of real alcohol consumption 24) , with %CDT being the only marker test approved by the FDA for the identification of hazardous drinking 25) . In our study, the proportion of workers that were screened as positive for one or both of the AUDIT and CDT tests was 13.8%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Hazardous Drinking in Migrant Workers in Southeastern Spain

Pérez-Cárceles

Medina

Pérez‐Flores

et al. 2014

Journal of Occupational Health

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Screening for Hazardous Drinking in Migrant Workers in Southeastern Spain : Maria D. PEREZ‐CARCELES, et al. Department of Health and Social Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, E30100, Spain— Objectives Despite the great impact the migration has had in economic, social and health‐related fields, and the repercussions of alcohol consumption on them, few data exist concerning the extent of alcohol consumption in migrant workers. The aims of this study were to identify workers with a hazardous drinking problem by means of a self‐reported questionnaire (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐AUDIT) and a biomarker (carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin‐CDT) and to ascertain associated risk factors. Methods A cross‐sectional survey was conducted using a random sample of 385 migrant workers, undergoing a routine health examination as part of occupational health services. Results The results showed that 13.8% (n=53) of the workers were screened as positive with the AUDIT (≥8) and/or CDT (>2.6) and identified as hazardous drinkers and that 53.8% (n=207) were teetotallers. Being a man (OR: 2.0), working in the construction industry (OR: 2.8) or agriculture (OR: 2.2), being resident in Spain for more than 7 years (OR: 2.3) and sharing a house with friends were the factors most closely associated with hazardous drinking. Conclusions Prevention‐orientated programs, adjusted to the characteristics of each country and the origin of the migrants themselves, should be instituted to modify the drinking habits of migrant workers considered at risk.

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“…liver transaminase levels and red blood cell mean cell volume) in combination with biochemical markers of nutritional status. Other newly developed biochemical markers for alcohol consumption [such as carbohydrate -defi cient transferrin (CDT), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), or ethyl glucuronide (EtG)] may be helpful (Borucki et al , 2005 ;Das et al , 2008 ;Delanghe and De Buyzere, 2009 ;Mancinelli and Ceccanti, 2009 ). Chronic alcohol consumption in the range of 50 -70 g/day induces hepatocytes to produce a transferrin molecule that is defi cient in carbohydrates.…”

Section: Effects Of Alcohol On Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol: Its Role in Nutrition and Health

Suter

2012

Present Knowledge in Nutrition

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In view of the importance of alcoholic beverages in daily life as well as its absolute priority in metabolism, alcohol has considerable potential to affect the nutritional status and metabolism of all essential nutrients including the different energy sources. In view of the great variability among alcohol drinkers in patterns of drinking, amounts ingested, ingestion of other nutrients, metabolic characteristics, genetic factors, and lifestyle characteristics (such as exercise or smoking behavior), the effects of alcohol on nutritional status and disease risk are very heterogeneous. Alcohol -associated malnutrition includes both primary and secondary malnutrition. Because of the comparatively high energy content of alcohol, it displaces other energy sources and thus many essential nutrients in the diet, thereby lowering the intake of most nutrients (primary malnutrition). Gastrointestinal and metabolic complications of heavy alcohol intake (especially liver dysfunction) lead to so -called secondary malnutrition. Anorexia and vomiting from alcoholic gastritis further promote inadequate intakes of food. Malabsorption of nearly all nutrients can develop as a result of mucosal dysfunction, liver insuffi ciency, and pancreatic insuffi ciency. Alcoholic liver dysfunction causes a reduced capacity to transport nutrients in the blood, a reduced storage capacity, and an insuffi cient activation of nutrients such as vitamins. In addition, alcohol increases the excretion of nutrients in the urine and bile. In alcoholic patients, several mechanisms for the development of malnutrition usually occur simultaneously.The effect of alcohol on morbidity and mortality is biphasic, and the relationship is J -shaped: low levels of ingestion are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality risks, whereas abstinence and higher levels of ingestion are associated with a higher mortality risk due to different cancers, alcoholic liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmias, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and stroke. The reduced mortality risk at lower intakes is explained by the risk of coronary artery disease and a reduced risk of ischemic stroke. The amount of alcohol ingestion at the nadir of mortality risk is not known and varies from study to study and from one individual to another. The hallmark of excessive alcohol intake is metabolic and structural alterations at the level of the liver, and liver cirrhosis is the leading cause of death in heavy drinkers.Often, both positive and negative effects occur. In view of the heterogeneity of responses for any given alcohol dose, the formulation of public health recommendations for safe consumption levels is becoming increasingly diffi cult. In any case, alcohol should not be recommended for health reasons or for health maintenance, especially as long as there are no specifi c, sensitive predictors for harmful alcohol use and abuse. In the setting of an overall healthy lifestyle with respect to nutrition and physical activity, light to moderate alcohol consumptio...

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Biomarkers of alcoholism: an updated review

Abstract: Current status of carbohydrate defi cient transferrin,total serum sialic acid, sialic acid index of apolipoprotein J and serum b-hexosaminidase as markers for alcohol consumption. Addiction, 2003:98;(Suppl. 2), 45 -50

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Glycoconjugates in the detection of alcohol abuse

Glycoconjugates in the detection of alcohol abuse

Screening for Hazardous Drinking in Migrant Workers in Southeastern Spain

Alcohol: Its Role in Nutrition and Health

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