Biomarkers of acute kidney injury in children with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious postoperative complication after cardiac surgery in children and is a major contributor to patient outcome. This study aims to identify the incidence of AKI in children undergoing cardiac surgery and the role of Interleukin 18 (IL-18) and Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1) in diagnosis of AKI in comparison to creatinine. Methods: Forty-four children who underwent open heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass) for congenital heart disease were assessed for AKI diagnosis according the KDIGO criteria, urinary IL-18 and KIM-1 were determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay in addition to the assessment of length of stay in PICU and outcome and the effect of AKI on these parameters. Results: twenty three percent of the patient developed AKI, there were no statistical correlation between AKI and the factors (Age, gender, CBP and Risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery (RACHS-1) complexity score). Eight of our patients needed peritoneal dialysis (PD), seven of them developed AKI and the 8th patient didn’t develop due to the early initiation of PD. There was strong correlation between the development of AKI and the Length of stay in ICU.