Biomarkers in Localized Prostate Cancer

Ferro, Matteo; Buonerba, Carlo; Terracciano, Daniela; Lucarelli, Giuseppe; Cosimato, Vincenzo; Bottero, Danilo; Deliu, Victor Matei; Ditonno, Pasquale; Perdonà, Sisto; Autorino, Riccardo; Coman, I.; Placido, Sabino De; Lorenzo, Giuseppe Di; Cobelli, Ottavio De

doi:10.2217/fon.15.318

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…4 In multivariable regression, for PSA adjusting for Gleason score, p = 0.0022. 5 Gleason score ≥4 + 4 vs. 4 + 3.…”

Section: Knockdown Of Olfm4 Expression Is Associated With Enhanced Emmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recently, primary prostate cancers have been subtyped based on molecular pathologies, which has improved patients’ prognoses and allowed the use of personalized therapies . Therefore, efforts to identify additional biomarkers for predicting human prostate cancer progression have been undertaken by many groups worldwide …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Therefore, efforts to identify additional biomarkers for predicting human prostate cancer progression have been undertaken by many groups worldwide. [5][6][7] The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the formation of the prostate during Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactomedin 4 downregulation is associated with tumor initiation, growth and progression in human prostate cancer

Kim

Liu

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) gene has been analyzed as a tumor‐suppressor gene and a putative biomarker in many cancers. In our study, we analyzed the relationship of OLFM4 expression with clinicopathological features and with CpG site methylation in the OLFM4 gene promoter region in human primary prostate adenocarcinoma. OLFM4 protein expression was significantly reduced in prostate cancer tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue and was further significantly reduced in more advanced cancers. Bioinformatic studies with clinical datasets revealed that primary prostate adenocarcinoma patients with reduced OLFM4 mRNA expression exhibited higher Gleason scores and higher preoperative serum prostate‐specific antigen levels, as well as lower recurrence‐free survival. Three of the eight CpG sites in the OLFM4 gene promoter region were hypermethylated in cancerous prostate cells compared to adjacent normal cells, and reduced methylation of eight CpG sites was associated with increased OLFM4 mRNA expression in RWPE1 and PC‐3 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of OLFM4 gene expression was associated with enhanced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐marker expression in RWPE immortalized normal prostate cells. In contrast, restoration of OLFM4 expression in PC‐3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells lacking OLFM4 significantly inhibited both EMT‐marker expression and tumor cell growth in in vitro and in vivo models, indicating that OLFM4 may play a tumor‐suppressor role in inhibiting the EMT program, as well as tumor initiation and growth, in prostate cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that OLFM4 plays an important tumor‐suppressor role in prostate cancer progression and might be useful as a novel candidate biomarker for prostate cancer.

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“…4 In multivariable regression, for PSA adjusting for Gleason score, p = 0.0022. 5 Gleason score ≥4 + 4 vs. 4 + 3.…”

Section: Knockdown Of Olfm4 Expression Is Associated With Enhanced Emmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Olfactomedin 4 downregulation is associated with tumor initiation, growth and progression in human prostate cancer

Kim

Liu

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Early detection of prostate cancer can be achieved in older asymptomatic men by the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening, which is associated with a substantial risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The low diagnostic accuracy of PSA may be improved by the incorporation of clinical risk factors, biological markers and radiological assessment into screening procedures [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Obesity is an established risk factor of prostate cancer, since it is associated with an increased incidence of high-risk or aggressive prostate cancer [18] and an increased incidence of disease relapse [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Obesity, Diet and Lipid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer

et al. 2016

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Obesity is associated with an increased risk of a number of serious medical conditions, including cancer. As far as prostate cancer is concerned, obesity is associated with an increased risk of high-grade tumors, which is possibly related to lower androgen levels. Diet may also affect prostate cancer risk since countries with a higher dietary fat intake also present higher prostate cancer mortality rates. Interestingly, prostate cancer is associated with a number of metabolic alterations that may provide valuable diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review explores the available clinical as well as biological evidence supporting the relationship between obesity, diet, alteration in metabolic pathways and prostate cancer.

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“…Normal serum PSA range varies according to age, race, and different geographical location. 24 So a nomogram designed in western set-up to detect prostate cancer may not work on Asian population. 22 This is applicable to our population also which is a part of Northeast India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate-Specific Antigen Density: A Measurement to Differentiate Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate from Prostate Carcinoma

et al. 2020

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Background Determination of isolated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in asymptomatic individuals has not demonstrated sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be useful in the routine evaluation of prostate disease. To enhance the accuracy of serum PSA we have used a proportion of serum PSA and prostate volume, which we refer to as prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD). Prostate volume in this study was calculated using transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Materials and Methods A total of 106 patients with prostatic disease clinically confined to the prostate glands were evaluated. Results and Observation The mean PSAD for prostate cancer was 0.15 ± 0.01 while that for benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BPH) was 0.11 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05). Significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted in the prostate volume in these two groups with the mean prostate volume measured by TRUS in the BPH to be 53.85 ± 9.71 mL compared with 58.14 ± 7.48 mL in the carcinoma. PSA density of 0.13 ng/mL can be used as a cutoff for the individual in our set-up who should go for prostate biopsy with sensitivity and specificity of over 90%. Conclusion These results suggest that PSAD may be useful in distinguishing BPH and prostate cancer.

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Biomarkers in Localized Prostate Cancer

Cited by 44 publications

References 87 publications

Olfactomedin 4 downregulation is associated with tumor initiation, growth and progression in human prostate cancer

Olfactomedin 4 downregulation is associated with tumor initiation, growth and progression in human prostate cancer

The Emerging Role of Obesity, Diet and Lipid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer

Prostate-Specific Antigen Density: A Measurement to Differentiate Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate from Prostate Carcinoma

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