Biomarkers in Glioblastoma multiforme. Evidences from a literature review

2022

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a medical complication, occurs when the aortic area becomes swollen and very large. It is mandatory to identify AAA to avoid the breakdown of aneurysms. C‐reactive protein (CRP) has been recognized as one of the biomarkers for identifying AAA due to the possibility of CRP produced in vascular tissue, which contributes to the formation of an aneurysm, and it is elevated in patients with a ruptured AAA. This research work was designed to develop an immunosensor on a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐modified surface to quantify the CRP level. Anti‐CRP specificity was constructed on the MWCNT surface through a silane linker to interact with CRP. The detection limit of CRP was calculated as 100 pM with an R2 (determination coefficient) value of 0.9855 (y = 2.3446x – 1.9922) on a linear regression graph. The dose‐dependent linear pattern was registered from 200 to 3000 pM and attained the saturation level during binding at 3000 pM. Furthermore, serum‐spiked CRP showed a clear increase in the current response, proving the specific recognition of CRP in biological samples. This designed biosensor identifies CRP at a lower level and can help diagnose AAA.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immuno‐probed multiwalled carbon nanotube surface for abdominal aortic aneurysm biomarker analysis

2022

“…The identification of blood biomarkers with a suitable probe is necessary to improve the detection strategy. In general, proteins, DNA, antibodies, RNA, and peptides are utilized as probes to diagnose various diseases 10–13 . Among them, antibodies have been well suited in biosensors and utilized to detect various targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular biomarker troponin I biosensor: Aptamer‐gold‐antibody hybrid on a metal oxide surface

Hu¹,

Ismail

et al. 2022

Myocardial infarction (MI) is highly related to cardiac arrest leading to death and organ damage. Radiological techniques and electrocardiography have been used as preliminary tests to diagnose MI; however, these techniques are not sensitive enough for early‐stage detection. A blood biomarker‐based diagnosis is an immediate solution, and due to the high correlation of troponin with MI, it has been considered to be a gold‐standard biomarker. In the present research, the cardiac biomarker troponin I (cTnI) was detected on an interdigitated electrode sensor with various surface interfaces. To detect cTnI, a capture aptamer‐conjugated gold nanoparticle probe and detection antibody probe were utilized and compared through an alternating sandwich pattern. The surface metal oxide morphology of the developed sensor was proven by microscopic assessments. The limit of detection with the aptamer‐gold‐cTnI‐antibody sandwich pattern was 100 aM, while it was 1 fM with antibody‐gold‐cTnI‐aptamer, representing 10‐fold differences. Further, the high performance of the sensor was confirmed by selective cTnI determination in serum, exhibiting superior nonfouling. These methods of determination provide options for generating novel assays for diagnosing MI.

“…To avoid such a situation, early and specific prediction of bone‐related issues is mandatory. Various methods and techniques are developed by the researchers to monitor the health issues by quantifying the blood‐based biomarkers 1,2,8–11 . Osteocalcin is the bone gamma‐carboxyglutamic acid containing protein that is released from osteoblasts during the process of bone formation 12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying mineral decrement with bone injury by quantifying osteocalcin on current‐volt sensor

Bian

et al. 2021

Osteoporosis, a bone disease is caused by the deterioration of bone and shows an enhanced risk of bone fracture and decreasing bone mineral density. Unfortunately, the available radiological techniques are expensive, and have disadvantages such as radiation intake, need a specialist to handle the instrument, and so forth. This research is focused to develop a point-of-care system to identify osteocalcin on current-volt sensor, which helps to diagnose the bone metabolism and prognostics. Antiosteocalcin antibody was attached on the electrode through the silane-modified iron material. The antibody-immobilized sensing surface was utilized to identify the level of osteocalcin and the detection limit of 100 pg/ml reached on linear concentrations of 0.01-3000 ng/ml. Calculations were made by triplicates (n = 3; 3δ) on the determination coefficient of y = 0.2637x-0.6012; R 2 = 0.9319. Further, control proteins failed to bind with immobilized antibody, confirmed by the specific osteocalcin detection. This research is to identify the osteoporosis biomarker and to help determine the conditions with osteoporosis.