Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: An Old Story with a New End

Abstract

Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer in the world. It is a heterogeneous disease and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Advances in molecular technologies allowed for the identification of new and more specifics biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and risk prediction, enabling personalized treatments, improving therapy, and preventing overtreatment, undertreatment, and incorrect treatment. Several breast cancer biomarkers have been identified and, along with traditional biomarkers, they can assist physicians throughout treatment plan and increase therapy success. Despite the need of more data to improve specificity and determine the real clinical utility of some biomarkers, others are already established and can be used as a guide to make treatment decisions. In this review, we summarize the available traditional, novel, and potential biomarkers while also including gene expression profiles, breast cancer single-cell and polyploid giant cancer cells. We hope to help physicians understand tumor specific characteristics and support decision-making in patient-personalized clinical management, consequently improving treatment outcome.

Expression and Significance of LINC02418 in Breast Cancer

“…The high prevalence rate of breast cancer has aroused women’s great attention. 17 , 18 Breast cancer has a convoluted development mechanism in addition to a high incidence rate, bad prognosis, and major effects on women’s ability to lead healthy lives. 19 , 20 With the deepening of lncRNA research, more and more lncRNAs have been found to play important roles in breast cancer.…”

Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer Microphysiological Models to Capture Human Diversity in Preclinical Models

“…Preclinical models not only reflect intra-tumoral heterogeneity and account for variance in the landscape of the microenvironment but must also mirror the intra-tumoral heterogeneity observed amongst patients. Many factors play a critical role in the onset and progression of breast cancer, including genetic background [ 97 ]. Specific population subsets within the population at large have a genetic predisposition to diseases.…”

Traditional Clinicopathological Biomarkers Still Determine Disease-Free and Overall Survival in Invasive Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study

“…Given the increasing focus on molecular prognostic tests in recent times, there is a tendency to disregard the crucial role played by traditional clinical and pathological factors in predicting breast cancer prognosis [15]. In the era of advanced molecular diagnostic tests, the traditional factors still remain essential in determining prognosis and guiding therapeutic decisions for individuals facing a new diagnosis of invasive breast cancer.…”