Biomarkers in acute heart failure

Choudhary, Rajiv; Shah, Kevin; Maisel, Alan S.

doi:10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0037

Cited by 2 publications

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“…CRS type 4 biomarkers, such as BNP and TnT, are used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases in patients with CKD [40][41][42]. Moreover, increased BNP and TnT levels are clinically used as cardiovascular mortality biomarkers [43,44]. In this study, the BNP and TnT mRNA expression levels in the heart tissues of 2K1C rats showed that their levels were reduced by the GD treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Antihypertensive Effects of Gynura divaricata (L.) DC in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension

et al. 2020

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Gynura divaricata (L.) DC (Compositae) (GD) could be found in various parts of Asia. It has been used as a traditional medicine to treat diabetes, high blood pressure, and other diseases, but its effects have not yet been scientifically confirmed. Therefore, we aimed at determining whether GD could affect renal function regulation, blood pressure, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) is a disease caused by the interaction between the kidney and the cardiovascular system, where the acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ might induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. This study investigated whether GD could improve cardio-renal mutual in CRS type 4 model animals, two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) renal hypertensive rats. The experiments were performed on the following six experimental groups: control rats (CONT); 2K1C rats (negative control); OMT (Olmetec, 10 mg/kg/day)-treated 2K1C rats (positive control); and 2K1C rats treated with GD extracts in three different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day) for three weeks by oral intake. Each group consisted of 10 rats. We measured the systolic blood pressure weekly using the tail-cuff method. Urine was also individually collected from the metabolic cage to investigate the effect of GD on the kidney function, monitoring urine volume, electrolyte, osmotic pressure, and creatinine levels from the collected urine. We observed that kidney weight and urine volume, which would both display typically increased values in non-treated 2K1C animals, significantly decreased following the GD treatment (###p < 0.001 vs. 2K1C). Osmolality and electrolytes were measured in the urine to determine how renal excretory function, which is reduced in 2K1C rats, could be affected. We found that the GD treatment improved renal excretory function. Moreover, using periodic acid-Schiff staining, we confirmed that the GD treatment significantly reduced fibrosis, which is typically increased in 2K1C rats. Thus, we confirmed that the GD treatment improved kidney function in 2K1C rats. Meanwhile, we conducted blood pressure and vascular relaxation studies to determine if the GD treatment could improve cardiovascular function in 2K1C rats. The heart weight percentages of the left atrium and ventricle were significantly lower in GD-treated 2K1C rats than in non-treated 2K1C rats. These results showed that GD treatment reduced cardiac hypertrophy in 2K1C rats. Furthermore, the acetylcholine-, sodium nitroprusside-, and atrial natriuretic peptide-mediated reduction of vasodilation in 2K1C rat aortic rings was also ameliorated by GD treatment (GD 200 mg/kg/day; p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05 vs. 2K1C for vasodilation percentage in case of each compound). The mRNA expression in the 2K1C rat heart tissue showed that the GD treatment reduced brain-type natriuretic peptide and troponin T levels (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 vs. 2K1C). In conclusion, this study showed that GD improved the cardiovascular and renal dysfunction observed in an innovative hypertension model, highlighting the potential of GD as a therapeutic agent for hypertension. These findings indicate that GD shows beneficial effects against high blood pressure by modulating the RAAS in the cardio-renal syndrome. Thus, it should be considered an effective traditional medicine in hypertension treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Antihypertensive Effects of Gynura divaricata (L.) DC in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension

et al. 2020

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“…Although it has been shown as a strong predictive marker for a variety of cardiac disease, it is also a biomarker for other diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism [213,214]. Since MR-proADM levels have been shown to differ based on New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and severity of HF, it has the potential to help identify those patients who may benefit from more invasive therapy [215].…”

Section: Free Radicals and Diseases 290mentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Radicals and Biomarkers Related to the Diagnosis of Cardiorenal Syndrome

Restini¹,

Pereira²,

Geleilete³

2016

Free Radicals and Diseases

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The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group has postulated the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) as an interaction between the kidneys and the cardiovascular system in which therapy to relieve congestive heart failure (HF) symptoms is limited by the further worsening renal function. CRS is classified from type I to V, taking into account the progression of the symptoms in terms of mechanisms, clinical conditions, and biomarkers. Experimental and clinical studies have shown the kidney as both a trigger and a target to sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity. Renal damage and ischemia, activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), and dysfunction of nitric oxide (NO) system are associated with kidney adrenergic activation. Indeed, the imbalances of RAAS and/or SNS share an important common process in CRS: the activation and production of free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present chapter addresses connections of the free radicals as potential biomarkers as the imbalances in the RAAS and the SNS are developed. Understanding the involvement of free radicals in CRS may bring knowledge to design studies in order to develop accurate pharmacological interventions.

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Biomarkers in acute heart failure

Cited by 2 publications

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Antihypertensive Effects of Gynura divaricata (L.) DC in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension

Antihypertensive Effects of Gynura divaricata (L.) DC in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension

Free Radicals and Biomarkers Related to the Diagnosis of Cardiorenal Syndrome

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